4 forces of evolution?

Question

Can anyone tell me about the 4 forces of evolution? Also, could you give me some ideas as to how cultural activities, beliefs and values influence them?

Thank you!

Answer 1

what the h**l is that we are all made from God.

Answer 2

I would geuss genetic drift, mutations, natural selection.  This is a time honored question isn't it.  I bet it is in your book.

Answer 3

Mutation. The mutation that lead to lactose tolerance was culturally influenced by herding practices.

Gene flow. This is obvious, as people move from one population to another.

Genetic drift. " Founder effect " A statistically like group that varies from the population genotype settles in a new area and the population gene pool now is representative of the emigrants, not the parent population.

Natural selection. Can be modified by letting the less fit breed.

Answer 4

With natural selection, you have differential reproductive success, with cultural selection, you have differential replicative success. The difference? In culture, to have fitness, all that is necessary is for an idea to become more "popular." This could be a style, which does not directly effect reproduction, such as guys wearing blue hats. If a culture reinforced chopping one's parts off, that definitely influences their reproductive success. A cultural action first has to pass through cultural selection, and then if it changes reproduction, this cultural act now passes through natural selection, effectively altering reproductive success. The blue hat may have replicative success in that more people are wearing hats, but it did not change reproductive success. The later did both, as it had replicative success (more people chopped off their stuff), and it changed reproductive success. Just a lame example of how cultural activities can influence evolution. An example of mutation in a cultural sense would be like the game telephone, where someone tell you something, and you come out with something different. They tell you olive juice, you hear "i love you," and suddenly you're trying to get down with your bad self. Haha, kind of a rant, but there are some useful ideas in this. Good luck, send me a msg if you need clarification.

Answer 5

9) Mutation

Mutation is an error in the replication process in DNA when a somatic cell divides a mutation can take place and be passed down to the daughter cell, mutations can happen in any part of DNA. Point Mutation happens when a single base in a gene is changed, diseases can be attributed for a specific  point mutation. Sickle cell is an example of a disease causing point mutation. It is caused by an allele that codes for one of the polypeptide chains of the hemoglobin protein. A frameshift mutation is an insertion or a deletion that will hit a specific gene. If it does it could only damage a portion of the gene. Most mutations are probably neutral; they occur in non-coding regions and make no contribution to the phenotype.

Natural Seletion

Genetic Drift

Gene Flow

Sorry didn't go into details about the others I just copied and pasted the answer to an old midterm. Don't know what happened to the rest of it. If you use it please re-write it. Thanks Ms. 6

Answer 6

for evolution to happen you need three things (according to Darwin):

1.  More offspring are born than can survive

2.  Genetic sharing between parent and offspring

3.  Random genetic mutation

culture does not influence natural selection at its purest form.  But today, you could argue that there is cultural natural selection instead of physical selection.  for instance, i have talked to devout Christians who say that believing in christianity has given believers a developmental edge in reproduction etc...  

Sexual selection is cultural though.  like girls with blonde hair or big muscle men and fancy cars and diamonds etc...