About diamonds.?

Question

What are facets,bruting,sawing,cleaving,macles,br... cut,marking & how long doeas it take one to have a "perfect cut"..How many cuts are there.?How are diamond graded &sorted....?

Answer 1

Marking: A rough stone is marked prior to cleaving or sawing to determine the direction of the grain or "cleavage", eliminate waste, and bypass inclusions or imperfections. The natural shape of the rough stone will also be a major factor in deciding how to cut the stone. An octahedron can be cut into one or two Round Brilliants but a square Princess cut will result in the least amount of waste due to the square shape of the stone. Asymmetrical crystals such as macles are used primarily for fancy cuts. Cubic shapes are ideal for a square Princess or Radiant cut. High-tech computerized helium and oxygen analyzers are now used to evaluate a stone prior to cutting.

    Rough Diamond Shapes

    Cleaving: Cleaving refers to splitting a stone along its grain by striking it. A rough stone is cleaved if there are conspicuous defects and/or inclusions which would prevent it from being made into a single gemstone. Cleavage is the tendency of crystalline materials to split along definite planes. Due to its atomic structure, a diamond can be cleaved in four directions parallel to each of the four octahedron crystal faces. Cleaving is a critical step as a mistake by the "cleaver" could shatter the stone.

    Sawing: A stone-cutting saw is a thin disk made of phosphor bronze. As the saw blade rotates it continues to pickup or "recharge" itself with diamond dust which is the cutting agent. It can take several hours for the saw blade to cut through a 1k rough diamond.

    Bruting: The rough is placed in a chuck on a lathe. While the rough stone rotates on the diamond lathe, a second diamond mounted on a dop is pressed against it, rounding the rough diamond into a conical shape. This step is also referred to as rounding or bruting.

    Faceting: To facet a "Round Brilliant", a "blocker" or "lapper" will cut the first 18 main facets, then a "brillianteer" will cut and polish the remaining 40 facets. The cutting (placing) and polishing of each facet is accomplished by attaching the stone to a dop stick and pressing it against a revolving cast iron disk, scaife, or lap on a Facetron that has been charged with diamond dust. During this faceting stage the angles of each facet must be cut to an exacting standard in order to yield maximum brilliancy and maintain symmetry.

Facets

One of the small polished plane facets put on a diamond. A round brilliant cut diamond has 58 facets. There are 32 on the crown, 24 on the pavilion, the table counts as one and the culet counts as one.

Girdle

The outer edge of the diamond. It usually has a whitish, dull wavy appearance. It may also be polished and transparent.

Lower-Girdle Facets

One of 16 facets found on the pavilion of the round

brilliant cut diamond. The top section of the lower-girdle facet forms lower girdle border.

Pavilion

The section of the diamond below the girdle.

Answer 2

Go to Yahoo's search engine.  Enter "diamond cutting wikipedia".  Read the results.

Now you have learned to answer this type of question for yourself.