Sorry it took so long, but, for a moving train (Rolling Train Resistance Formula) it is 20 lbs per ton for each % of grade, +5 or (20 x T) x %G + 5 = f
For starting resistance it is 30 lbs per ton for each % of grade, or (30 x T) x %G = f
Standard draft gear is rated at 240,000 lbs. If the number crunching gives a figure higher than this amount, it's time to add helper power.
As said before, the calculation for speed is Horsepower per ton, times 12, divided by the % of grade, or HPT x 12 / %G = S
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