Bacteria questions?

Question

name an unusal type of bacteria that lives in extreme habitats and what adaptations enable it to survive there?

name a bacterium that has no cell walls and how is it protected from osmotic destruction?

name a bacterium that is pleomorphic and has a palisades arrangement and metachromatic granules?

name a bacterium that lives in extremes of heat and salt?

Answer 1

A thermophile is an organism – a type of extremophile – which thrives at relatively high temperatures, above 45 °C(113°F). Many thermophiles are archaea.

Thermophiles are found in various geothermally heated regions of the Earth such as hot springs like those in Yellowstone National Park (see image) and deep sea hydrothermal vents, as well as decaying plant matter such as peat bogs and compost.

As a prerequisite for their survival, thermophiles contain enzymes that can function at high temperature. Some of these enzymes are used in molecular biology (for example heat-stable DNA polymerases for PCR), and in washing agents.

Example of which are:

Thermococcus litoralis

Thermus aquaticus

Pyrococcus furiosus

Halophiles are organisms which thrive in very high salinity. These moderate halophiles were Vibrio (Salinivibrio) costicola, Micrococcus (Nesterenkonia) halobius, Paracoccus (Halomonas) halodenitrificans, Flavobacterium (Halomonas) halmephilum, Planococcus (Marinococcus) halophilus, and Spirochaeta halophila.

Hodgkin's disease was first described in 1832 by Thomas Hodgkins. For more than a century HD was not considered a cancer, but was widely regarded as a bacterial and infectious disease, possibly related to tuberculosis.



The cause of HD is unknown. However, over the past century there have been various reports implicating "pleomorphic" bacteria, possibly derived from the so-called "acid-fast" (red-staining) mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis. Pleomorphic bacteria are capable of assuming different shapes and sizes. Bacteria observed and cultured from HD are most commonly described as intermittently acid-fast round coccus forms resembling common staphylococci; and rod-shaped bacteria known as corynebacteria (also called "diphtheroid" bacteria and "propionibacteria").