Bio-charles darwin natural selection?

Question

can anyone plz help me with this question?Describe the theory of evolution by natural selection as put forward by both darwin and wallace

Answer 1

ok in most basic of terms, organisms that were more suited to the environment they were in had higher chance to reproduce, therefore passing on genetics and any adaptations due to genetic mutation (first happens as an accident, but as it is something that gives them a higher chance of survive, they survive to pass on this trait/mutation).

on the other hand organisms that are less suited to their environment have a lower chance of survival therefore wont live as long to pass on their genetic traits, therefore being eliminated.

Answer 2

As time passes, mutations will naturally occur in a species. This is because cell division takes place all the time and naturally mistakes can be made when DNA is copied wrongly to the daughter cells. Mutation inevitably leads to variation in a species (organisms with different phenotypes and characterisitics). Sometimes mutation will lead to harmful genes, sometimes the new genes can be beneficial.

Beneficial genes will accumulate in the species due to natural selection. Nature selects the species which have favourable genes to pass on to offspring. Eventually the new beneficial genes will accumulate such that the species is different from the ancestral original one. This is known as evolution.

Answer 3

the first answer is very good.

Darwin's theory of natural selection is, "Survival of the fittest." This means that the most "fit," or easily said, the ones with the best traits for survival and thus have the most successful reproductive rate, willl survive. The most "fit" animal is one that leaves off the most offspring, not necessarily the buffest or the biggest. This is also different in different regions.

One example is the whiteish moths vs blackish moths during the industrial revolution. The pollution basically turned the trees black and the blackish moths on these trees were harder to see than the whiteish ones. Although color difference doesn't really make one stronger than the other, but because the environment (the trees) turned black, the predators had an easier time killing the lighter colored ones. The black moths just happened to be black and since the white ones were dying off both young and old and the black ones were left alone, they were able to reproduce more. So, more and more moths are passed down the dark color and fewer light ones. So, in this time and in this area, blackish moths were more fit.

Or like. giraffes.... they probably evolved from something that looks like horses. One day, there may have been a mutation that made one with long a long neck. Since all the animals, giraffe or not, were all eating the same leaves from the same trees, there must have been a shortage of food at the average eye level and below. So these, akwardly long necked giraffes had  an advantage. They had access to food that most couldnt. So the short necked giraffes could have starved to death before they could grow old enough to reproduce, and the longer necked ones would be able to survive, mate, and thus this gene will start to be the majority in the population. The giraffes will then evolve to be long necked, instead of the short necked ones that oculd have looked like a horse.