Bio. please help?

Question

how are codons and anticodons associated with protein synthesis?

Answer 1

It's amazing what  a Google search will do for you. Rather than parroting the contents of these pages, visit:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_bio...

http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG...

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/fara...

People on here seem to like the parroting approach, so here's the essence of the process quoted from the second site:

"1. Transcription

Before the synthesis of a protein begins, the corresponding RNA molecule is produced by RNA transcription. One strand of the DNA double helix is used as a template by the RNA polymerase to synthesize a messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA migrates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. During this step, mRNA goes through different types of maturation including one called splicing when the non-coding sequences are eliminated. The coding mRNA sequence can be described as a unit of three nucleotides called a codon.

2. Translation

The ribosome binds to the mRNA at the start codon (AUG) that is recognized only by the initiator tRNA. The ribosome proceeds to the elongation phase of protein synthesis. During this stage, complexes, composed of an amino acid linked to tRNA, sequentially bind to the appropriate codon in mRNA by forming complementary base pairs with the tRNA anticodon. The ribosome moves from codon to codon along the mRNA. Amino acids are added one by one, translated into polypeptidic sequences dictated by DNA and represented by mRNA. At the end, a release factor binds to the stop codon, terminating translation and releasing the complete polypeptide from the ribosome."