Biological Values? PLEASE HELP!

Question

Hey I have an urgent report due for Biology and I need to know what the biological values of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats and vitamins are. Just four points are needed for each. Please help as I have searched everywhere and cannot find the answer! Thanks!

Answer 1

carbohydrates

in animals carbohydrates are major source of energy.it is stored in our body as glycogen..during respiration..in the presence of oxygen it is oxidised into CO2 and H2O releasing energy...

2.it is very necessary for fat metabolism,i.e.,oxidation of fats

3.it is an important constituent of nucleic acids,coenzymes,flavoproteins and blood

4.some amino acids can be synthesized in the body from intermediate products of carbohydrate metabolism

5.heparin (anticoagulant)prevents the clotting of blood in blood vessels...

1 gram carbohydrate yields 4.1kcal of energy when oxidised,it is known as the calorific value..but inside the body 1gram carbohydrate on complete oxidation yields 4kcal of energy which is its physiological value...

proteins

1.they are essential for growth and repair of worn out cells

2.they are important components of muscle,tendon,bone marrow and skin

3.they act as enzymes and hormones which control various activities of the body..

4.in deficiency of fats and carbohydrates,proteins are used up to get energy...

calorific value of 1gram protein is 5.65cal and physiological value is 4cal....

fats

1.they are stored in body and used for production of energy

2.it is the structural component of plasma membrane

3.it helps in transport of fat soluble vitamins like vitamins A,D,E and K

4.some hormones are formed of fats called steroid hormones

5.fats are important contituents of cell orgenelles

calorific and physiological values are 9.45 and 9 kcal per gram respectively...

vitamins

vitamin A(retinol)  is the component of retinal pigments rhodopsin and iodopsin which help a person to see..its deficiency causes night blindness,xerophthalmia,dermatitis etc....

2.vit. D is required to increase the intestinal absoption of calcium and phosphorous,their retention in the body and their deposition in bones..its deficiency causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults...

3.vit E is required to maintain fertility,developement and maintainence of accessory reproductive organs...its deficiency causes reproductive failure...

4.vit C (ascorbic acid)  is required in the formation of dentine collagen and bone matrix..its deficiency causes scurvy in infants and adults...