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Biology questions on meiosis?

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How do meiosis and sexual reproduction (fertilization) produce offspring that differ genetically from the parents?

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  1. in meiosis crossing over takes place between paternal and maternal chromosomes in pachytene stage so it produce offspring that differ genetically from the parents  


  2. In stage one of meiosis, the homologous chromosomes line up next to each other and swap segments, this is called crossing over.  This means that instead of having a set of maternal chromosomes and a set of paternal chromosomes, the cell will now have a hybrid set of chromosomes that are a mix of the maternal and paternal chromosomes.

    During fertilization, the egg from the female with it's hybrid chromosomes joins with the sperm from the male with it's hybrid chromosomes and you end up with offspring that has very unique characteristics.

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