Can someone PLEASE help me with my science work. URGENT!!?

Question

I can't seem to find any of these answers after hours of trying. I got a majority of my work done, but not these and I need it turned it tomorrow. It's already time for bed. I need them by tomorrow morning, and this is my last resort.

1. Is the study of muscle movements in the body an example of biology or of physics? Explain.

2. What are the three types of variables in a controlled experiment? (I got manipulated and responding variable but what's the other?)

3. Does every scientific method begin with an observation?

4. The scientists who tested the hypothesis on running in the rain (The faster you move the wetter you get since you guys don't have the book.) performed only one controlled experiment that supported their hypothesis. Can their supported hypothesis be considered a theory?

5. Suppose you wanted to find out how running affects your pulse rate. What would your hypothesis be? Explain how you could test your hypothesis.

6. A scientific model can take the form of a physical object or concept. List one example of each type of model. How does each one resemble what it is supposed to model?

Thanks.

Answer 1

1. That would be the study of biology. The study of anything in the body would fall under the category of biology.

2. You have independent, controlled, and manipulated variables.

3. No. The scientific process begins with an idea... what is it you want to discover? Lets say you wanted to see what would happen if all ice in a cup melted... you would start by thinking about the question, not by looking at it... if you had already seen it, then why perform the experiment?

4. Number four can't be answered unless you supply all the information, especially *how* the scientists went about doing this. It would be considered a theory if their idea was backed by scientific proof. But if they only performed one controlled experiment, probably not. It takes a lot of times, and a lot of different variables to come up with a theory.

5. Hypothesis are usually formulated in an "if, then" sort of way. So it would be something like:

"If I were to run at different speeds, then my heart rate would fluctuate accordingly." But, you can also write your hypothesis as simply an idea: "When you run, your heart rate might fluctuate."

6. So, a physical models are basically models showing tangible, physical objects. So I could make a model of a dog's heart out of legos. That would actually be kind of cool!

And then you have "concept" models, which show concepts. You could model the big bang in this way... make a model showing what the beginning of the universe might of looked like according to the big bang theory. This isn't a tangible object, but rather a "concept".  

Answer 2

1. Sheesh...what a bogus question...It could be physics, chemistry and biology at once! Muscles are organic which makes it of biological importance in terms of its cellular, tissue and organ structure; it uses of calcium and oxygen is very importanrt and has pivotal biochemistry involved in performing said movements - a deep study of chemistry; and last but not least, the way muscle attach to bones to create a fulcrum-lever systems, and use electrical impluses to control contraction to generate pulling force is totally a study in physics. This is a bad question to ask students. Everything has atleast a chemical and physical nature; biology includes the previous two, but is restricted to living creatures.

2. independent

3. I think so, but that's my opinion as a scientist. I think every venture into an experiment begins with an observation, which leads you to form a hypothesis, then an experiment etc.  I can't imagine even forming an idea or experiment without some kind of observation you are trying to recreate or investigate.

4. I think a theory is any hypothesis that has been tested - regardless of how it did. If it failed, then it's a failed theory. So yes I'd say it's a theory, but check your text to be sure - who knows what crazy c**p they teach these days.

5. The idea is to create a *falsifiable* hypothesis. Ex: Running increase pulse rate. Either this is true or not true. Test it by measuring pulse rate before and after running.

6. Physical object: Watson and Crick's model of DNA - the model resembles DNA's double helix structure

   Concept: Standard modelof the Universe - which lists of the fundamental particles of the Universe

or

Conservation of Energy - I don't know how the model resembles what it is supposed to model, one is energy, the other...i guess is a metaphysical idea about energy. They ain't comparable, imho.

hope that helps.