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Can we build a good ambient heat driven powerplant?

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Here's the idea. There's lot of available energy in the atmosphere, and all around us in general in the form of heat. Just a few degrees temperature difference represents an appreciable amount of kinetic energy, even in something as lightweight as air. And, everyday ambient temperatures, or even arctic temperatures for that matter, are hundreds of degrees Kelvin.

I'm writing about what's potentially a vast untapped renewable energy source. Even more renewable because of conservation of energy. Most mechanical enrgy we use ends up deteriorating into heat energy anyways. There's no reason I can think of that we can't just round it up again and re-use it.

I suppose one way would be to just take a typical heat engine like a steam engine, and design it to operate by exploiting ambient heat. Having a steam engine work at room temperature in this way would I imagine require it not using steam. This, I suppose, offers an engineering challenge as these engines, I understand, often exploit the phase change of water to improve efficiency.

One question that arises from that is, can such an engine efficiently boil water using only heat pumps or the like? Another question is, can a fluid heat engine efficiently operate without boiling, just only the recirculation of warm and warmer water (or an alternative coolant)?

And, as long as were discussing alternative coolants, why not a coolant that can achieve a liquid to gas phase change at room temperature? Or would the operating temperature being bound by the boiling point of that coolant limit such an application? On the other hand, don't boiling liquids typically remain at their boiling points, at least until they all boil away? Could that be exploited? Would the boiling away problem be too much?

Another idea I had was a coil of unevenly spaced myriad bi-metallic springs (like the ones you find in bi-metallic thermometers) attached to a drive train and all the springs pushing up against a ratchet. I like this idea partly because it's sooo steampunk clockwork, but also, from an engineering stand-point it actually does three jobs. It can act as an engine, a heat sink, and a spring energy storage device. Granted springs are not well known for their energy storing capacity. But, a machine that can mult-task is nifty nonetheless. I suppose limiting it to doing all three jobs at once would limit it's available applications though.

I also recall a piston engine that uses heat differential. It's bugging me because I can't remember the name of it and it's inventor, nor can I think where to start data mining for it. I think I saw it on a Modern Marvels. Points if you can find it. I recall that it really didn't matter whether it was hot or cold so long as one side of the piston was significantly hotter or colder than the other. You could get it to work sitting on a cup of steaming tea, or a glass full of ice cubes, as was demonstrated on the show. This implies it was mechanically motivated by heat exchange from one side of the piston to the other. I understand this concept has already been thoroughly explored and found to be not viable. But, who knows, your thoughts?

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  1. An ambient-heat-driven powerplant would not produce energy. For it to do so as you've described would violate the second law of thermodynamics.

    All heat engines must have a high-temperature reservoir (of whatever form) and a low-temperature reservoir (of whatever form). The heat flow from warm to cold drives the engine, ultimately. Where's the low-temperature reservoir? All you have is *ambient* temperature! Because your engine has no heat flow, it would slow down and stop, if you started it with a push.

    The engine you saw on Modern Marvels is a Stirling cycle engine.


  2. the problem is reliability - you can't trust ambient temp differences for sustained energy production - at least not yet, if you build it, they will come

  3. one of the answers was accurate enough about the steam engine.

    I like your curiosity about the subject and there are areas of current research you mighth find that would pique that interest.

    Start here and see where it leads you:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_harv...

    An interesting compund to explore for low temperture state change is paraffin wax.  The latent heat properties make an interesting storage medium for energy at relatively low temperatures and almost no negative environmental impact.

    Best of luck and stay curious.


  4. Such a plant would violate basic laws of the universe, that energy goes into lesser and lesser forms. The lowest form is Thermodynamic energy (heat). The highest form of energy is potential energy. Potential energy always eventually ends up as thermal energy and there is no way to get thermal energy converted back into Potential energy without spending more energy in the process. Eventually as the universe gets older, it will use up all of its potential energy, that point is called the heat death of the Universe.  

  5. 1. "One question that arises from that is, can such an engine efficiently boil water using only heat pumps or the like? "

    Yes, if there is any difference in temperature or pressure between two reservoirs we can harvest the differential energy. How much energy could captured will depend on these 'deltas' and the construction of the harvesting engine.

    2. “Another question is, can a fluid heat engine efficiently operate without boiling, just only the recirculation of warm and warmer water (or an alternative coolant)?”

    Yes, and as you  have sighted as an example a hurricane or any wind for that matter will emerge. The wind can be easily harvested to produce say electricity.

    So is it all possible? You bet!  Good thinking Paul G. Is it practical? That remains to be seen. However some proposal, serious  proposal have been presented and just could become a reality in a decade or so.

    3.  Ã¢Â€Âœ....I also recall a piston engine that uses heat differential. It's bugging me because I can't remember the name of it and it's inventor”



    I think you are referring to the Stirling engine.

    Edward

  6. Size matters!  America's thirst for energy is to great to be satisfied by this technic.  It does make for a goo thermo class demestration of the second law of thermo dynamics.

    Good luck

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