Can you please answer these biology questions?

Question

How can changes in DNA affect the cell?

identify what these changes are called,

discuss at least two possible causes of these changes,

discuss the effects that these changes may have on protien synthesis and cell functions, and

describe what the cell does in order to prevent changes during replication.

Answer 1

Well I don't want to do your homework ..but

Changes in DNA are called Mutations.

cause

a) an error in DNA replication process

b) exposure to radiation..ie tanning, sun light, radioactive material.

Effects) DNA codes for RNA with codes for proteins. When mutated DNA codes for incorrect RNA, the protein that should be made is altered, and can have an unfavorable or advantageous result. Ie...if a code for a hormone (a protein) is desired, and not processed, the cell that needs the communication tool *hormone* will be greatly effected. Same goes for enzymes..and proteins in general.

In order to prevent the changes or mutation in DNA, there are several checks the cells perform during DNA replication. I don't remember them in detail, but if you do have a textbook, look up DNA replication, and perhaps Thymine Dimer.