Describe at least four ways in which scientists study past climate.?

Question

describe and write in complete sentences.

Answer 1

Direct atmospheric composition is measured from Ice core samples by actual measurements from air bubbles trapped in ice.

Temperature and atmospheric composition proxy measurements from tree rings, sedimentary deposits and other sources provide temperature and atmospheric composition records dating back millions of years.

Geologic interpretation provides sea level, glacial extent and other climate information that can date back millions of years.

Anthropology provides scientists with climate information that dates back as long as human civilization has been around, (thousands of years).

Answer 2

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Answer 3

There are two basic ways in which scientists study past climates: direct human recorded data and inference data recorded in rocks, ice, and dead lifeforms.

Here are some examples of human sources.

1) In recent history humans have used weather balloons and satellites to record surface and upper atmospheric temperatures and wind patterns.

2) During the last few centuries mariners' have recorded oceanic temperatures and currents.

3) Also during the last few centuries humans have kept temperature and rainfall records of towns and cities.

Here are some examples of inference data.

1) The most commonly know method uses tree rings to make conclusion about rainfall.

2) Paleoclimatologists often study ice and/or sediment cores for lifeforms and elemental isotopes. They can determine the age by the depth and layer in which the sample is taken.

2a) Some of these lifeforms can only live in very narrow temperature ranges. They can deduce from the abundance of a particular lifeform the temperature during which it lived.

2b) The composition of isotopes can indicate temperature trends, but give a clear picture of the atmospheric composition.

3ish) Though paleomagnetism does not indicate directly temperature and weather patterns, it does indicate when, historically, a very serious climate change occurred. By studying the magnetic remains in anciently formed lava, scientists can determine the direction and strength of Earth's magnetic field. A field that protect Earth from space radiation and solar storms.

Answer 4

Scientists take core samples from ice to detmine precipitation patterns.

Scientists take core samples from trees to determine percipitation patterns.

Scientists record temperatures to look for long term trends.

Scientists create computer models based ona ll teh available data to try and predict future patterns.