During the early Big Bang, what forces prevented gravity from crushing all the matter into a black hole?

Question

During the early Big Bang, what forces prevented gravity from crushing all the matter into a black hole?

Answer 1

The earliest moment we can understand, with the Big Bang theory, is what is called the Planck Time.  Very, very close to zero, but not quite zero.

At that time, the temperature (energy density) was so high that every single point in the universe WAS a black hole.

However, it is not clear if gravity came into existence at that exact moment or if it "condensed" some (very tiny) fraction of a second later.

It is certain that the three fundamental forces did come "much" later (like, at least a quarter of a second).

Being that the point-sized black holes were massless (they were, all together, the "singularity") they would have immediately evaporated, according to Hawking's idea, thereby launching the expansion.

Gravity is a distortion of space.  Inflation is a flattening of space.  During inflation, the universe was expanding much faster than the curvature of gravity could proceed.

flattening = no curvature = no gravitational effect.

[all this is an oversimplified summary]

Answer 2

The outward rate of expansion in the early, inflationary universe greatly exceeded the inward tug of gravity. The size of the observable universe increased by several orders of magnitude in a tiny fraction of a second. Thankfully, gravity is not nearly so strong.

See the graphic below.

Answer 3

The life span of the singularity of the big bang was -10X35 second and it contained only pure energy, there was no gravity.

Answer 4

Play it backwards in your mind. If the big bang theory was correct, of course it would mean that it was in deed started inside the largest blackhole imaginable. Well the big bang is an old cosmology theory. Theories come and go.

Here is the new flavor of the week:

http://www.princeton.edu/pr/pwb/02/0506/...

Answer 5

at first it was the inflationary period, in which the universe expanded many times faster than the speed of light. after that it was the overall energy of the universe. things were too hot, gravity wasnt strong enough to collapse them.

Answer 6

It's called creation.

Answer 7

Just as it is now, in the very early universe it was space itself that was expanding. The expansion of space is not limited by the speed of light, like matter is. The speed of light governs how quickly matter can move through space, but it has no bearing on how quickly space itself can expand. What the force of gravity is exactly, and when it began to influence the development of the early universe is unknown. Even now space appears to be expanding faster than the speed of light. In the early universe the expansion of space itself was undoubtedly sufficient to overcome whatever forces may have been working against it.

The uniform dispersal of "matter" and "energy" in the early universe would have prevented the formation of black holes, as there was no one specific point that would have had a greater influence than any other, and gravity was not sufficient to overcome the rapid expansion of the universe. At some point a lack of symmetry in the dispersal of matter in the early universe allowed gravity to pull together the thinly dispersed matter in the universe into the stars, galaxies, and black holes that we know today.

Answer 8

  Gravity didn't exist until the quantum effect started to clump hydrogen into sections.

Answer 9

The creation of everything.  Stuff didn't leak out like you are letting a balloon's air out of the opening.  Everything exploded into energy, like a balloon popping.   I personally believe everything in the beginning was energy too, gravity doesn't affect energy.