Experts in American History (or in Economics), could you reply to this question, please:?

Question

"In the late 1800's, businessmen turned to devices like trusts and holding companies because:

a) they were a means by which to combat the uncertainty of the business cycle.

b) such cooperative business arrangements were responsive to consumer needs.

c) they allowed business owners to concentrate on quality production while financial specialists handled monetary matters.

d) they encouraged an open market in which many people had economic opportunity."

Answer 1

a) a) they were a means by which to combat the uncertainty of the business cycle.

That is the "book" answer. The real answer was to maintain control of their assets and preserve wealth free from government taxation. That is why so many family dynasties (Kennedy, Rockefeller, Rothschild etc.) have been built and maintained.

"Congressman Charles Lindbergh put his finger firmly on the truth when he stated, just after the 'Federal' Reserve Act was passed by a depleted Congress on December 23, 1913: "The Act establishes the most gigantic trust on earth. When the President [Wilson] signs this Bill, the invisible government of the monetaary power will be legalized....The greatest crime of the ages is perpetrated by this banking and currency bill."

Answer 2

a