Geology - effects on earthquates etc. on layers?

Question

Explain how earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic activiy occur and what are their effect on the lithosphere, hydropshere, atmosphere and bioshphere

Answer 1

Under the surface of our earth there are things called tectonic plates. These plates move in and out repeatedly. But somtimes they collide with eachother. This causes earthquakes. When these tectonic plates clash under water it causes a tsunami. Canada doesn't have earth quakes cause we sit on one huge tectonic plate. so it has nothing to collide into. Volcanoes are formed when hot magma surges out of the earth from the mantle. As soon as it hits the earth it freezes due to  temperature change. Over time this magma build up and forms a volcano.  

Answer 2

This is far to large a subject to be answered here.  do a search on each of the items, and then read up and try and figure it out.  Also, the lithosphere, hydrosphere etc are not strictly speaking 'layers':  the hydrosphere includes all the water in the earth system, like sea, rivers, clouds and rocks. so not  a layer.