Help with couple of sociological terms for exam?

Question

Well.. I have a sociology exam for tomorrow and have 50 terms to memorize... got all of those exact the one below. Definitions in sociological term would be appreciated. THANKS!

How is racism and sexism a modern phenomenon?

What is scientific objectivity?

Social Struggle for Recognition and the movement from below.

Religious Individualism.

Status group.

Historical idealism and materialism.

Answer 1

Eh...here's a little info.  Maybe it will help a bit (just random WIKI results and brief answers).  GOOD LUCK on your exam.

How is racism.......this is a questions that you can easily BS on any exam.  Just give examples of sexism and racism as you see it.

Status Group:  Plurality of persons who effectively claim a special social esteem for themselves Three Types: occupational: distinct style of life based on occupation (e.g. doctors), hereditary: usurps high ranking status through hereditary charisma (e.g. queen), political: appropriates political powers (e.g. Whigs)

Historical Idealism is generally understood as a philosophical perspective which posits the contingency of material circumstances on the mind. It is originally associated with the work of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, who argued that the inherent structure of the mind places certain constraints the structure of our reality, specifically by organizing it into space and time.

Hegel's Historical Idealism suggests that the course of history contains certain logic; the gradual movement toward a point where appearance is one with reality, and material factors are best suited to the intelligent force that brought them into being.

Historical materialism is the methodological approach to the study of society, economics, and history which was first articulated by Karl Marx (1818-1883).

An objective scientific account is one which attempts to capture the nature of the object studied in a way that does not depend on any features of the particular subject who studies it. An objective account is, in this sense, impartial, one which could ideally be accepted by any subject, because it does not draw on any assumptions, prejudices, or values of particular subjects.