How are polyhedra colored?

Question

How are polyhedra colored?

Answer 1

To do a coloring for the vertices of a polyhedra, color the vertices so that no two vertices of the same color are connected by a common edge.

To do an edge coloring for a polyhedra, color the edges so that no two edges of the same color meet at a common vertex.

Each of these colorings must be done using the least number of colors possible.