How do plants adapt to variation in (1) water availability (2) temperature?

Question

How do plants adapt to variation in (1) water availability (2) temperature?

Answer 1

Plant's adapt to earth's extremes in eviroment. Look at some of our popular houseplants for examble

Cacti and succulents(including aloes, agaves, and yuccas) are adapted to harsh dry conditions because of the small leaf sizes and  also notice their leaves are waxy or covered in a white floury substance called bloom. The cacti leaves are really the spines! Also in our pine trees the needle leaves conserve water. Also drought-tolerant plants have taproots that are like carrots and also tubers like potatoes.

Water plants have air pockets in their leaves and roots to keep them from drowning.

In the temps department. One adaption is noticed in our tulip and other bulb beds that bulb you plant in that helps the plant rest and save energy for the warmer times that come after winter. Also many seeds have a kind of heat related hormone that keeps the seed from growing until it recieves cold treatment. These plants come from areas where there is a defininite cold season. Also those hard seeds like beans and peas they are coated to protect them from drying out until the rainy season come. Annuals plants that grow only in a year like marigolds and petunias they drop seeds and the seed continues the species.

Also in water and tempature many plants simply fall asleep or go dormant until the  favourable conditions come back.