How do you call an Australian Mobile Phone from a American home phone?

Question

And how do you get the + thing on home phones?

Answer 1

You don't need the +. just type 61 instead of 0 and then type the rest of the number. See if that works. Hope this helps :)  

Answer 2

"+" is the conventional symbol for the code to get at the international network from wherever you are.  In the US, the code is 011; in the UK, it is 00.  If 61 is the international area for Australia, and the number that you want thee is 234-345-456; to reach it from the US you would enter 01161234345456.