How do you go from DNA to a protein?

Question

How do you go from DNA to a protein?

Answer 1

When proteins are needed, the DNA are transcribed into RNA (transcription). The RNA is first processed so that non-coding parts are removed (processing) and is then transported out of the nucleus (transport). Outside the nucleus, the proteins are built based upon the code in the RNA (translation).

Transcription

When a cell needs to make a particular protein, an activation signal stimulates an enzyme (DNA helicase) to unwind the DNA in the region of the appropriate gene. As the two strands of DNA separate, the so-called "coding strand" becomes a template for building a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). RNA is similar to DNA, except that it is single-stranded and contains uracil (U) in place of DNA's thymine. An enzyme called RNA polymerase "transcribes" DNA into mRNA by piecing together complementary mRNA bases along the DNA template.

Translation

Once the DNA code has been transcribed into mRNA, it moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. There, two kinds of molecules interact with the mRNA to "translate" it into a protein: ribosomes and transfer RNA (tRNA).

Each transfer RNA contains a triplet of nucleotide bases (CGG, for example) and the corresponding amino acid (for example, CGG goes with alanine). The tRNAs need to link up in an order that complements the mRNA code, but tRNAs can't bind to mRNA directly; they need ribosomes to pair them up. Ribosomes are large RNA-protein complexes that can hold on to an mRNA strand plus two tRNAs at a time. As the ribosome ratchets along the mRNA, it brings together tRNAs, whose amino acids bind. This growing string of amino acid building blocks becomes (finally!) the protein.

I hope it helps :)

Answer 2

i don't know but i think protein comes from ribosome