How does water turn into water vapour using the particles theory ?

Question

How does water turn into water vapour using the particles theory ?

Answer 1

As the water molecules are heated(given energy), they move around more and spread apart creating a vapor.

Answer 2

Liquid water molecules have a normal distribution of kinetic energy, meaning that the bulk of them have a kinetic energy characteristic of that temperature.  Without heating the water, there are always some molecules with a higher kinetic energy, and some with a lower kinetic energy.  The highest energy molecules possess enough kinetic energy to break the attractive forces (dipole-dipole, H-bonding, dispersion forces) of the other molecules at the surface of the water, and leave the surface of the water.  Some return to the surface and are recaptured by the water molecules at the surface.  So an equilibrium occurs, where the rate of molecules leaving is equal to the rate of molecules returning.  This creates a vapor pressure above the liquid which is called the "equilibrium Vapor Pressure", and this pressure changes with temperature.  If the water is heated, more molecules have sufficient energy to leave the surface, and the equilibrium Vapor Pressure increases. There are Tables of  vapor pressure as a function of temperature.  The vapor pressure is due to the fast molecules escaping the surface of the liquid and becoming free molecules, i.e., vapor.  When we see steam at higher temperatures, we are not seeing "free molecules", but water vapor condensed into aggregates of many molecules that have escaped, and have coalesced with each other.

Answer 3

particles gain energy from heat and break the intermolecular forces so the can be freeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

Answer 4

The water molecules absorb energy and attain higher velocities. As their velocity and hence kinetic energy go up, they get closer and closer to the required "escape velocity", or temperature, required to break free from the cohesive bonds of the surrounding water molecules,