How genes operate?

Question

how do genes operate, and how can mutations alter the way they do

Answer 1

By operate I assume you mean how they effect you. Genes are incoded in your DNA and contain the basic formulas and instructions to do innate things a cell in your body might have to. For instance, single-cell reproduction ( meiosis and mitosis). A mutation may occur when DNA is being copied, and by mistake a chain of DNA is copied incorrectly. DNA goes in sequences of ATCG which is sort of like binary code for genetics

I'm a little rusty on the topic so somethings may be off