How is an capacitor prepared or integrated in a i.c's .?

Question

How is an capacitor prepared or integrated in a i.c's .?

Answer 1

an IC consists of many layers of conductors, insulator (silicon dioxide) and doped silicon.

As part the the IC manufacture process, two small pads of conductor are separated by an insulator, that makes a capacitor.

"Capacitive structures, in form very much like the parallel conducting plates of a traditional electrical capacitor, are formed according to the area of the "plates", with insulating material between the plates. Owing to limitations in size, only very small capacitances can be created on an IC."