How roman empire formed?

Question

How roman empire formed?

Answer 1

Anonymous is almost correct- except for mixing timelines a bit

the farming periiod of Rome was first, then they had wars with ertuscans and chased away their Kings. "Horatio at the bridge" happens in this period.

Comes slow expansion, then the invasions by the Gauls- "Caveat Emptor!" - but the geese save Rome

first military reform- the introduction of short swords and large shields. Reorganisation of the citizens into 8 classes- the top 5 have to serve (draft system) in the infantry and have to provide their own weapons (even if it means losing all their property- which made them eligible to be in the top 5 classes. Above these 5 there are the Equites (nominally cavalry) and the Senator classes- who provide the officer corps

more slow expansion, Rome enters the SIcily and the Punic wars start.

Creation of the navy

huge expansion after the Punic wars have been won- but the top 5 citizen classes are exhausted and there is no one to draft. Marius (NOT a saint, but a 3 times Consul) reorganises the Army- now anyone can serve and the state supplies the weapons- since the bulk of the citizens are in the "bottom" 3 classes this means a huge influx of poor men into the army- and a professionalisation of the army

This system holds on for a long while- until the late Empire. This is the part where the EMpire gets created- by direct military conquest. The Roman Army is at its best and is nearly invincible (unless a really dumb general happens to be in charge)

This works brillantly until late Empire- when more gets spent of "social programmes" (games, circuses and free food for the lazy) instead of the Army- the army shrinks in size and gets very bad equipment (cheap bronze helmets replace steel ones, armour vanishes, the legions become smaller and fewer)

Come the barbarians and crush the army. And without the army all the social goodness and the civilisation of the Empire is just dust in a tornado

Answer 2

They grew from a city-state, founded 753bc, to conquer Latium area.  They beat the Etruscans.  (Lived in Tuscany, around Florence.) Then, they beat the rest of peninsular Italy; forcing them to provide Rome with troops, as so-called allies.

Next, they took on Carthage (200-100bc), in the Punic wars.  Rome won.  She took over Carthage's land, which included Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and a sliver of southern Spain.  Rome also got revenge on Carthage's allies, so she also took over most of the Balkans area at this time; around Greece, Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia.

This takes us to about 100 bc.  Julius Ceasar, purely for his own agrandizement, takes over Gaul - modern France, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland.  He also makes the first Roman trip, with troops, to Britain.   In a  large kingdom called Asia (western part of modern Turkey), the ruler dies, leaving his kingdom to Rome in his will.  By some complex process, (google 'Cleopatra') Rome also gains Egypt around 30 bc.  Up till 100 ad, the Romans do 'mop up' operations to conquer the rest of Britain, Spain, and Turkey, in steps.

Around 100 ad, emperor Trajan conquers current Iraq, and part of the Caucuscus area (modern Armenia, Georgia).

Empire now at its full extent.

That's it!

Answer 3

Like the other answerers noted, that's a long answer. I'd be making a generalisation by saying what exactly led to the formation of the Roman Empire, but of course that isn't a helpful response.

In a nutshell, there was a rise in "personal" armies; armies loyal to an individual, rather than the State. More power was placed into fewer hands, and the conventional age limits for certain positions in the Senate (tribune, consul, etc.) were broken, as was the time limit between an individual holding the same office twice (e.g. Tiberius Gracchus, and Marius, who held the consulship several times in succession).

My answer has not taken into account external factors, but traditionally internal factors, such as those outlined above, are attributed to the formation of the Empire.

By the way, the person anonymous referred to as "St. Marios" is actually Gaius Marius, who was never canonised (it'd be impossible, since he was a pagan!) He was consul 8 times (not 3 as cp_scipiom said), dying shortly into his eighth consulship.

Answer 4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empir...