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How was the english language created?

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  1. The root of the English language is the various Anglo-Saxon dialects spoken by the tribes which invaded England in the fifth and sixth centuries.  Over the centuries these dialects absorbed words from the native British language and from Latin.  When the Norsemen (Vikings) invaded northeastern England their Scandinavian language (Norse) mingled with northern Old English.  

    In the 11th century England was conquered by the Normans, who spoke a version of French.  For a couple of centuries the king and the nobility spoke Norman French and the ordinary people spoke Old English.  Gradually Old English absorbed a lot of Norman French words.  By the 14th century a new type of English was being spoken - Middle English, the language of Geoffrey Chaucer.  Gradually the king and the nobility began to speak English rather than French.  At this time there was a number of English dialects.  It wasn't always possible for someone from the north of England to understand the dialect of the southerners, and vice versa.

    By the sixteenth century the dialects of the south midlands and London became the principal dialects, evolving slowly into early modern English - the English of Shakespeare, the Book of Common Prayer and the English King James Bible.  Since the seventeenth century English has continued to absorb elements from immigrants to the British Isles, such  as the French Huguenots, the Dutch, Germans; and from the native languages of the British colonies, particularly in India.

    Today there is a standard English which is spoken and understood by all native English speakers.  However, in the British Isles, there are still many regional dialects with their own distinctive vocabulary and grammare, although these are spoken less and less.  There are also distinct local accents, although these are no longer as broad as they once were.  Radio, television and the cinema have contributed to both a standardisation of the language and to a toning down of regional accents.


  2. From roots of all other languages

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