the main categories i'd use is
1 total nominal gdp
2 total trade (exports plus imports)
3 gdp per capita
4 how reliant the biggest economies in the world are on them for trade
5 oil reserves, petroleum, freshwater
6 population
7 number of billionaires
8 gdp growth (and how sustainable is that growth, for example China might not have enough land and resources to support a country full of people living like they do in the US).
9 gold and silver reserves, military
10 debt
according to all of that it should be
1 US
2 China (lots of people, trade, gdp growth but it's not sustainable)
3 Japan
4 Germany
5 France
6 UK
7 Italy (top 8 trade, top 7 gdp, growing gdp per capita)
8 Canada (top 2 oil reserves, 8th highest nominal gdp, total trade 9th highest, high gdp per capita, top 5 freshwater, US trades more with it than China and Japan combined)
9 Russia (gdp growth is very high but total trade is low on the list, doesn't rely on the US for trade)
10 Spain
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