I want the general characteristics and also full details of pycnidia plant pathogenic fungus...?

Question

i want the general characteristics and also full details of pycnidia plant pathogenic fungus...especiaal that infection in morinda citrifolia plant.plz send me the answer as soon as possible.

Answer 1

Pycnidia are formed in the substomatal cavity, which is a large space compared with the fungal hyphae. Pycnidia are also relatively elaborate structures, on a scale of several hundreds of micrometres, where fungal hyphae bundle together and form tissues. Entering the substomatal space may mean that fungal hyphae have to abandon their growth along the dead plant cells, and protrude into the air as aerial hyphae. In doing so, the fungal cell may encounter a certain type of drought stress (not salt stress), and mannitol may help to survive this. Further, the development of these pycnidia and subsequent massive spore formation may require large amounts of energy, and mannitol might be an important storage compound. That pycnidia formation under stomata is easily disturbed is shown by the observation that their formation is hampered in the case of different mutants of the fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola . This fungus is the cause of Septoria tritici blotch on wheat, a similar disease.

Interestingly, trehalose is present inside cells of all strains used in this study. It would be interesting to establish to what extent trehalose and mannitol accumulate inside the hyphae, given that a certain minimal concentration seems to be needed for protective purposes. As stated above, in conidia levels of both components are approximately between 3 and 7% wet weight . With conidia, a mixture of mannitol and trehalose might be needed for optimal protection against heat stress. Pycnidia were not formed when trehalose was present and mannitol was absent, indicating that this might also be true in the Stagonospora model system. It would be interesting to see whether the disruption of trehalose synthesis would lead to a similar phenotype. Finally, the authors suggest that mannitol may play a role as a signalling molecule in this respect. It would be tantalizing to study the putative role of this general accumulative compound as a signal for an important fungal development event.

Answer 2

i cant explain in detail but refer inter second botany telugu academy text book.it is caused by xanthomonas citri in leaves and some parts of fruits if u want in detail refer text