If i have a voltage source 'v' and a current 'i' entering a resistor at end 'a'.?

Question

what current will leave the other end 'b' of the resistor. will the resistor limit the current flowing in the rest of the circuit or will the effect be restricted only across the ends of the terminal?

2)will passive components such as diodes connected in series modify the current flowing through the resistor??

Answer 1

The resistor will limit the current in the entire circuit and also take the entire current going through the circuit.

If your resistor is connected in this way i.e serial it will get quite hot if the power drawn is near the upper limit of the resistor.

If you put a diode in series with the resistor it will have a small effect on the current due to a small voltage drop across the diode.

Answer 2

Series components will always have the same current flowing in them.

The current flowing in one terminal of a 2 terminal device will always flow out the other terminal.

However, as you add new components to a series circuit, the current will usually go down, but it will go down equally in all parts of the circuit. All parts will still have the same, but lower, current.

Look at current as flowing water in a pipe. The water that passes one point in the pipe is the same amount of water that passes a point 10 feet down the pipe. Or soldiers walking in a column. 100 soldiers pass one point, then 100 pass any other point along their route.