Is there any evidence for global warming published in peer-reviewed journals?

Question

Seriously, I have yet to find a published article that is peer-reviewed that concludes a 30% increase in CO2 levels induces a temperature increase by X degrees. News sources are not legit. The way global temperature is calculated is absurd. Water vapor (a greenhouse gas twice as strong as CO2) is at concentrations 100's of times that of CO2. I urge yo to try to find published evidence in a peer-reviewed journal that supports global warming by CO2. For the record, I do think burning fossil fuels is terrible due to pollution, which in my mind does not include CO2.

Answer 1

I agree with you totally...I haven't seen anything like that either.

Answer 2

I don't believe that you are looking very hard. Recent climate change is noted to be anthropogenic (man made) in nature almost unanimously by peer-reviewed journals.

Here are the results of a simple "Google Scholar" search. Read for yourself:

http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=anth...

Answer 3

Nice debaters tactic. You set up an unnecessarily precise demand for evidence, so that you can then claim victory.  No study is going to deal precisely with a 30% increase nor is the conclusion going to be a precise X degrees warming. If you are a scientists, as you claim, then you understand the concept of error bars.

Now, in the event that you are actually interested in learning something and not merely another troll, here is a bibliography of peer reviewed journal articles that deal with the topic of global warming based on atmospheric CO2 level increases.

Augustsson T. and Ramanathan V. 1977. "A Radiative-Convective Model Study of the CO2 Climate Problem." J. Atmos. Sci. 34, 448-451.

Arrhenius, Svante 1896. "On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air Upon the Temperature of the Ground." Philosophical Magazine 41, 237-76.

Bertrand, C. 1998. "Climate simulation at the secular time scale." Thèse de doctorat, Université catholique de Louvain, 208 pp.

Boer, G. J., G. Flato, M. C. Reader, and D. Ramsden 2000. "A transient climate change simulation with greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing: Experimental design and comparison with the instrumental record for the twentieth century." Climate Dynamics 16, 405–425.

Boer, G.J., N.A. McFarlane, and M. Lazare, 1992. "Greenhouse Gas-induced Climate Change Simulated with the CCC Second-Generation General Circulation Model." J. Climate, 5, 1045-1077.

Boer George G. and Yu Bin 2003. "Dynamical aspects of climate sensitivity" Geophys. Res. Lett. 30(3), 35-1 - 35-4.

Callendar, G.S. 1938. "The Artificial Production of Carbon Dioxide and Its Influence on Climate." Quarterly J. Royal Meteorological Society 64, 223-40.

Chen C.-T. and Ramaswamy V. 1996. "Sensitivity of Simulated Global Climate to Perturbations in Low-Cloud Microphysical Processes. Part I. Globally Uniform Perturbations." J. Climate 9, 1385-1402.

Chou Ming-Dah, Peng Li, Arking Albert 1982. "Climate Studies with a Multi-Layer Energy Balance Model. Part II: The Role of Feedback Mechanisms in the CO2 Problem." J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 2657-2666.

Dai A., Wigley T. M. L., Boville B. A., Kiehl J. T., Buja L. E. 2001. "Climates of the 20th and 21st centuries simulated by the NCAR Climate System Model." J. Climate 14, 485– 519.

Delworth Thomas L., Broccoli Anthony J., Dixon Keith; Held Isaac; Knutson Thomas R., Kushner Paul J., Spelman Michael J., Stouffer Ronald J., Vinnikov, Konstantin Y., Wetherald, Richard E. 1999. "Couple Climate Modelling at GFDL: Recent Accomplishments and Future Plans." CLIVAR Exchanges 4(4), 15-20.

Gilliland, Ronald L. and Schneider, Stephen H. 1984. "Volcanic, CO2 and solar forcing of Northern and Southern Hemisphere surface air temperatures." Nature 310, 38-41.

Goosse H., Arzel O., Luterbacher J., Mann M.E., Renssen H., Riedwyl N., Timmermann A., Xoplaki E., Wanner H. 2006. "The Origin of the European 'Medieval Warm Period'." Clim. Past, 2, 99–113.

Gordon, H. B., and S. P. O'Farrell 1997. "Transient climate change in the CSIRO coupled model with dynamic sea ice, Mon. Weather Rev. 125, 875–907.

Hall C.G. and Cacuci Dan G. 1982. "Sensitivity Analysis of a Radiative-Convective Model by the Adjoint Method. J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 2038-2050.

Hansen, James, Lacis A., Rind D., Russel G., Stone P., Fung I., Ruedy R., Lerner J. 1984. "Climate Sensitivity: Analysis of Feedback Mechanisms." Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity, Geophys. Mono. 29, 130-163. Am. Geophys. Union.

Hegerl, G. C., K. Hasselmann, U. Cubasch, J. F. B. Mitchell, E. Roeckner, R. Voss, and J. Waszkewitz 1997. "Multi-fingerprint detection and attribution analysis of greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol and solar forced climate change." Climate Dynamics 13, 613–634.

Hegerl Gabriele C., Crowley Thomas J., Hyde William T., Frame David J. 2006. "Climate Sensitivity Constrained by Temperature Reconstructions over the Past Seven Centuries." Nature 440, 1029-1032 (letter).

Hoffert, Martin I., Covey, Curt 1992. "Deriving Global Climate Sensitivity from Palaeoclimate Reconstructions." Nature 360, 573-576.

Hulburt, E.O. 1931. "The Temperature of the Lower Atmosphere of the Earth." Physical Review 38, 1876-1890.

Idso, Sherwood B. 1980. "The Climatological Significance of a Doubling of Earth's Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration The Climatological Significance of a Doubling of Earth's Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration." Science 207(4438), 1462-1463.

Lambert Stephen J. 1995. "The Effect of Enhanced Greenhouse Warming on Winter Cyclone Frequencies and Strengths." J. Climate 8, 1347-1452.

MacKay Robert M., Ko Malcolm K.W., Shia Run-Lie, Yang Yajaing, Zhou Shuntai, Molnar Gyula 1997. "An Estimation of the Climatic Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Losses during the 1980s." J. Climate 10(4), 774-788.

Mahfouf J.F., Cariolle D., Royer J.F., Geleyn J.F., Timbal B. 1993. "Response of the Meteo-France Climate Model to Changes in CO2 and Sea Surface Temperature." Climate Dynamics 9(7), 345-362.

Manabe, Syukuro 1971. "Estimates of future change of climate due to the increase of carbon dioxide concentration in the air." Man's Impact on the Climate, W. I-I. Matthews, W. W. Kellogg, and G. D. Robinson, Eds., Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 249-264.

Manabe Syukuro 1975. "The dependence of atmospheric temperature on the concentration of carbon dioxide" 73-77 in The Changing Global Environment, Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Co.

Manabe, Syukuro, and Stouffer, Ronald J. 1979. "A CO2-Sensitivity Climate Study with a Mathematical Model of the Global Climate." Nature, 282, 491-493.

Manabe, Syukuro, and Stouffer, Ronald J. 1993. "Century-scale effects of increased atmospheric CO2 on the ocean-atmosphere system." Nature 364, 215-218.

Manabe, Syukuro, and Wetherald, Richard T. 1967. "Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity." J. Atmospheric Sciences 24, 241-59.

Manabe, Syukuro, and Wetherald, Richard T. 1980. "On the Distribution of Climate Change Resulting from an Increase of CO2 Content of the Atmosphere."

Manabe, Syukuro, and Wetherald, Richard T. 1975. "The effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on the climate of a general circulation model." J. Atmos Sci. 32, 3–15

McAvaney, B.J., Colman. R., Fraser, J.F., and Dahni, R.R. 1991. "The response of the BMRC AGCM to a doubling of CO2." BMRC Technical Memorandum No. 3 (in preparation).

Mitchell, J.F.B., Senior, C.A., and Ingram, W. J. 1989. "CO2 and climate: A missing feedback?." Nature, 341, 132-134.

Möller, Fritz 1963. "On the Influence of Changes in the CO2 Concentration in Air on the Radiation Balance of the Earth's Surface and on the Climate." J. Geophysical Research 68, 3877-3886.

Nicoli Maria Pia and Visconti Guido 1982. "Impact of Coupled Perturbations of Atmospheric Trace Gases on Earth's Climate and Ozone" Pure Appl. Geophys. 120(4), 626-641.

Noda, A., and Tokoika, T. 1989. "The effect of doubling CO2 concentration on convective and nonconvective precipitation in a general circulation model coupled with a simple mixed layer ocean." J. Met. Soc. Japan, 67, 95-110.

Oglesby, R.J., and Saltzman, B., 1990. "Sensitivity of the equilibrium surface temperature of a GCM to systematic changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide." Geophysical Research Letters, 17(8), 1089-1092.

Ohring George and Adler Shoshana 1978. "Some Experiments with a Zonally Averaged Climate Model." J. Atmos. Sci. 35(2), 186-205.

Plass, Gilbert N. 1956. "The carbon dioxide theory of climatic change." Tellus 8, 140-154.

Ramanathan, V. 1981. "The Role of Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions in the CO2 Climate Problem." J. Atmos. Sci. 38, 918-930.

Rasool, S.I. and Schneider H.I. 1971. "Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Aerosols: Effects of Large Increases on Global Climate." Science 173, 138-141.

Roeckner, E., L. Bengtsson, J. Feichter, J. Lelieveld, and H. Rodhe 1999. "Transient climate change simulations with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM including the tropospheric sulfur cycle" J. Climate, 12, 3004–3032.

Schlesinger Michael E., Zhao Zong-Ci, Vickers Dean 1989. "Design and Critical Appraisal of an Accelerated Integration Procedure for Atmospheric GCM/Mixed-Layer Ocean Models." J. Climate 2, 641-655.

Schlesinger, M.E., N. Andronova, A. Ghanem, S. Malyshev, T. Reichler, E. Rozanov, W. Wang and F. Yangi 1997. "Geophysical Scenarios of Greenhouse_Gas and Anthropogenic Sulfate Aerosol Induced Climate Changes." Climate Research Group Report, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.

Sellers, William D. 1973. "A New Global Climatic Model." J. Appl. Meteorol. 12, 241-254.

Sellers, William D. 1974. "A Reassessment of the Effect of CO2 Variations On a Simple Global Climatic Model." J. Appl. Meteorol. 13, 831-833.

Shaviv, N., Veizer, J. 2003. "Celestial driver of Phanerozoic climate?" GSA Today 13(7), 4-10.

Stern, David I. 2005. "An atmosphere–ocean time series model of global climate change." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis uncorrected proof -- http://www.rpi.edu/~sternd/CSDA_inpress.... accessed 1/31/2007

Sumi, Akimasa 2005. "Global Warming Simulation due to the High Resolution Climate Model by Using the Earth Simulator." Annual Report of the Earth Simulator Center April 2004 - March 2005.

Temkin Richard L. and Snell Fred M. 1976. "An Annual Zonally Averaged Hemispherical Climatic Model with Diff

Answer 4

the first thing the global warmer did was set up there own peer review organisations.

then they started blackballing anyone that contradicts them.

there is no debate on global warming.

you ether are on there side or they blackball you.

the environmentalist have been doing this for years in other fields.

if you want to work for the forest service and advance to a higher management position you must be a card carrying tree-hugger.

BLM

fish and game

and the park service are the same way.

the government does not run them the tree huggers do.

Answer 5

http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/globalwar...

This is a link to the NOAA web page.  This page can be considered peer viewed as many meteorlogists use NOAA for their weather reports.  Now there is some math that must be done on the page to give you your answer.  They state that CO2 level have increased from 300 part per million to 380 PPM.  So 80 divided by 300 equals to 26.67%.  Not quite 30% but close.  The article also states that the average temperature for the entire world has risen .7 degrees.  Not much but an increase but an increase not the less.  Inccidentally a 1 degree rise in average global temperature will result in 7% more water vapor in the air.

http://www.usgs.gov/science/science.php?...

I added this last website because you seem to be very interested in good information and the USGS has always been one of my favorite sources for information concerning the Earth.

Well it is a government site so I would assume very  cautiously and more than likely as the article states through the use of polar ice cores.  My question to you is do you think global warming can have an adverse effect on the economy.

You are very quick to forget that water vapor in large concentrations will block out the sun.  And water vapor is the method of transport for most everything in our atmosphere.  Also the supply of waper vapor is not a constant as you describe because right now it is raining somewhere.  I understand you do not want to blindly trust scientists.  But at some level you must believe some of the data.

Also picking and choosing what you like in data does not qualify as rational decision making.

Ken you hit that one out of the park.  I am copying and pasting that list right now.

Answer 6

you know full well there has been a huge amount of evidence. every piece of work used by the ipcc for example.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6324...

oooh picky!

the bbc aint like fox you know! i gave the bbc link above because it contains a good short summary and many relevant links in it, like this one;

http://www.ipcc.ch/

Answer 7

Onmigosh.  TONS of it.

Here's one excellent study:

Meehl, G.A., W.M. Washington, C.A. Ammann, J.M. Arblaster, T.M.L. Wigleym and C. Tebaldi (2004). "Combinations of Natural and Anthropogenic Forcings in Twentieth-Century Climate". Journal of Climate 17: 3721-3727

Others:

Matthews, H.D., et al., 2004: Natural and anthropogenic climate change: Incorporating historical land cover change, vegetation dynamics and the global carbon cycle. Clim. Dyn., 22, 461–479

Broccoli, A.J., et al., 2003: Twentieth-century temperature and precipitation trends in ensemble climate simulations including natural and anthropogenic forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), 4798, doi:10.1029/2003JD003812

Another showing it's not due to changes in the Sun:

"Recent oppositely directed trends in solar

climate forcings and the global mean surface

air temperature", Lockwood and Frolich (2007), Proc. R. Soc. A

doi:10.1098/rspa.2007.1880

The relevant Chapter of the IPCC report lists HUNDREDS of references.

Did you honestly think these guys issued official statements that global warming was real, and mostly caused by us, because Al Gore said so?

The National Academy of Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Institute of Physics, the American Chemical Society, the American Geophysical Union, the American Meteorological Association, etc.

Water vapor does exhibit a strong greenhouse effect.  But, because excess water vapor falls out rapidly as precipitation, it CANNOT cause the recently observed INCREASE in temperature.

This is such well known science, there's no peer reviewed article on it, (to scientists it would be like duh), but here's an article about it.

http://environment.newscientist.com/chan...

EDIT - I gave you studies and you still say there aren't any?

I explained why I used NewScientist.  This is duh material for scientists so there are no peer reviewed articles on it.

Many studies have shown the data is not an urban heat island artifact.  Examples:

David E. Parker (2006). "A demonstration that large-scale warming is not urban". Journal of Climate 19: 2882–2895.

T. C. Peterson (2003). "Assessment of Urban Versus Rural In Situ Surface Temperatures in the Contiguous United States: No Difference Found". Journal of Climate 16: 2941–2959

You criticize Meehl by saying he didn't consider everything.  You're right.  Maybe global warming is due to aliens firing heat rays at us.  Thing is, with a cause that's basic physics (the greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide) and numbers that work, scientists are understandably reluctant to explore the alien heat ray theory.

Ken has innundated you with studies.  The IPCC report lists hundreds.  Any good scientist would have known of their existence.  At this point you seem like the cash prize offered for proof of global warming.  The catch is that the offerer makes the judgment and simply won't accept ANY proof whatsoever.

EDIT2 - Your last reference is irrelevant.  You've confused solar activity (sunspots) which CAN'T cause warming, with solar radiation (which DOES).

Here's an article about a study which debunks the solar activity theory.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7327...

Look up the study yourself.