Land pollution?

Question

does land pollution have an international agreement or "enviormental international agreement" in canada? if not where do they have it and if you can give me any additional information regarding land pollution and international agreement factors, that would be great :)

Answer 1

The most prominent transboundary concern is, of course, acid rain, caused by the long-range transport of industrial and automotive pollution.^But long-range air pollution transport also results in several other serious but less publicized transboundary problems such as the movement across national boundaries of oxidant pollution, which is impairing agricultural productivity in southern Ontario and elsewhere, and the transboundary flow of toxic air pollutants, a phenomenon which may already be affecting the Great Lakes.^The Environmental Law Institute has conducted a series of studies of the institutional framework governing control of international pollution problems.^A major conclusion of this research effort is that current national and international legal structures are poorly suited to the effective control of transboundary pollution.^The international legal structure offers useful principles of environmental responsibility, but they are neither sufficiently defined nor sufficiently enforceable to support effective application to specific controversies.^Despite the recent increase in the number and severity of international environmental problems, governments continue to make energy policy, pollution control, and land use decisions without explicit consideration of transboundary impact.^There are forward-looking provisions in the Clean Air Acts of both the U.S. and Canada requiring control of emissions causing transboundary problems (U.S.^Clean Air Act Section 115 and Canadian Clean Air Act Section 21.1).^A recently completed ELI study focused on a new approach which would make the largely ignored U.S. and Canadian Clean Air Act provisions for control of international air pollution work more effectively, and in concert.

Answer 2

pollution is the degradation of earth's land surfaces often caused by human activities and its misuse. Haphazard disposal of urban and industrial wastes, exploitation of minerals, and improper use of soil by inadequate agricultural practices are a few of the contributing factors.[Also, increasing urbanization, industrialization and other demands on the environment and its resources is of great consequence to many countries.The Industrial Revolution set in motion a series of events which impinged on the countryside destroying many natural habitats, and introduced pollution causing disease in both human and animal alike.

Increased mechanization

In some areas more metal ores had to be extracted out of the ground, melted and cast using coal out of the ground and cooled using water, which raised the temperature of water in rivers. (This reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the water and affects all the living things there.) The excavation of metal ores, sand and limestone led to large scale quarrying and defacing of the countryside. To a large extent this has stopped or is more closely controlled, and attempts have been made to use the holes profitably i.e. sand pits have been turned into boating lochs and quarries have been used as landfill waste sites. Central Scotland bears the scars of years of coal mining, with pit binges and slag heaps visible from the motorways.

increased urbanization

As the demand for labour grew, the areas round the factories and mines were given over to housing. This took up former agricultural land, caused sewage and waste problems, increased the demands for food and put pressure on farmers to produce more food.The demand for more housing meant the need to use more raw materials to make bricks, slates for roofing and timber for joists, etc. Once again this led to quarrying and to the destruction of forests. The houses also needed running water and a supply of energy. Initially this water would have been supplied directly from a stream but as demand increased the need for reservoirs increased. This again led to the loss of land as valleys were flooded to meet the demands. The main fuels used would have been coal and wood but as time progressed, hydro electric, coal, oil and nuclear power stations were built which again became features or eyesores on the landscape. Associated with this was the radiating network of pylons forming the National Grid, as well as, the sub stations and transformers. Until the late 1970s little attempt was made to hide these metal structures but now more care is taken in their sitting and underground cables are often used - although these are not popular with repair crews who have to find faults and service them, often in very remote areas.This increase in the concentration of population into cities, along with the internal combustion engine, led to the increased number of roads and all the infra structure that goes with them. Roads cause visual, noise, light, air and water pollution, as well as using up land. The visual and noise areas are obvious, however light pollution is becoming more widely recognised as a problem. From space large cities can be picked out at night by the glow of their street lighting, so city dwellers seldom experience total darkness. On a smaller scale lights along roads can cause people living there to have interrupted sleep patterns due to the lack of darkness. The contribution of traffic to air pollution is dealt with in another article, but, suffice to say that sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide are the main culprits. Water pollution is caused by the run off from roads of oil, salt and rubber residue, which enter the water courses and may make conditions unsuitable for certain organisms to live.

and moore