List the steps that happen in DNA replication .?please keep it simple and good?

Question

List the steps that happen in DNA replication .?

q2) what is the codon for serine?

q3)explain why genes were cloned by scienticts?

4) what is the paring of nucletides?

Answer 1

1. Complex.



2. Extremely rapid.



3. Very accurate, one in a billion are incorrectly paired.



4. Requires the cooperation of over a dozen different enzymes.



Replication begins at special sites along the DNA molecule called Origins of replication. It is at these sites that the helix opens and moves away from. This movement produces the replication fork. Here the new strands of DNA are added.

In order for the DNA strands to separate,3 types of enzymes are needed. Helicases, single-strand binding proteins and topoisomerase.

Priming: Once the replication fork is established a short segment of RNA,formed by an enzyme called primase, starts the process of replication. With the primer in place, DNA polymerase begins the production of a new strand of DNA. The new nucleotides align themselves with the old DNA. These strands grow from the 5'--3' direction. There are 2 strands of DNA being formed at the same time. The Leading strand , which is completed in one piece, and moves toward the replication fork; and the lagging strand, which is produced in pieces called Okazaki fragments. These fragments are formed in the 5'--3' direction and linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase.

After the process has been completed the DNA molecules undergo proof reading. DNA polymerase is the enzyme that checks for these errors. If a repair is needed DNA polymerase and ligase will identify, cut, remove, and correct the mistake. This is called Excision repair.



AGU and AGC.

A-T  and C-G