Name and explain different types of agriculture prevailing in India and the world?

Question

Name and explain different types of agriculture prevailing in India and the world?

Answer 1

Chickens and Ducks for eggs  and meat,rice paddies, wheat, cotton, sugar cane, bananna production, rubber plant cultivation. Many fruit orchards and coconut orchards all over the world, Dates and Figs and Mangos, Papayas, mellons, beans, roots, same as anywhere! Beef cattle, goats, sheep, are prevelent in many countries as well as vegitation for sale, Whatever grows best and is bringing the best price in the local and in overseas trade.

Answer 2

here are three major types of agriculture prevail in India and the world:

(1) Organic agriculture refers to the concept and practice of agricultural farming which is a ecologically sustainable system focused on production using biological processes. Organic agriculture avoids the use of synthetic pesticides and genetically modified organisms (GMO) and emphasizes on sustainable agriculture to maintain the fertility of the soil as well as the health of the livestock raised without drug.

Organic Agriculture is beneficial because :

Organic farmers try to minimize the use of minimize the use of synthetic fertilizers in the production process. Instead they try to restore fertility and productivity using croup rotation, using animal manures and by relying on humus. Those involved in organic agriculture plough and aggregate the soil of the arable land to get rid of weeds, insects and other pests. The process of pest control is however, an aggregate of many cumbersome processes. Organic pest control in fact involves allowing a minimum level of damage by pests. Then the farmer has to introduce/encourage growth of beneficial organisms. The farmer needs to gain expertise in understanding pest life cycles and interactions to ward them off.

Organic Certification under Law:

Many countries such as US, China and many parts of Europe have a precise definition to cover organic agriculture under the law. A farm can obtain the organic certification for a fee and calling oneself organic without a valid certificate is deemed illegal. Prior to 1991, organic certification was voluntary. The government system to regulate organic labeling was first introduced by the European commission in 1991 and was then amended to apply mandatorily to all operations and imports

The role of organic farming is actually incomparable. Besides maintaining and ameliorating the health of the human being and animals, it also aids in conservation of soil and prevents pollution of air and water.

(2) Industrial Agriculture:

Industrial agriculture is defined as a modern form of capital intensive farming in which the machinery and purchased are substituted for the labor of human beings and animals. Industrial agriculture requires huge amounts of innovation in agriculture machinery and their utilization, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, genetic technology, large amounts of irrigation water and creates new markets for consumption. The method ofindustrial agriculture is used mostly in the developed countries.  

Properties of Industrial Agriculture:

Monoculture- Industrial agriculture derives its profits from economies of scale that is achieved through practicing monoculture. Monoculture is the procedure of growing a single crop year after year. It reduces the production costs significantly and thus help the farmer to earn a higher share of profit.

Pest prone- In the absence of crop rotation, industrial agriculture has a tendency to get attacked by pests and weeds. This asks for huge reliance on pesticides and other chemicals to get rid of them. For similar reasons, a huge amount of fertilizers is also required.

Unhealthy livestock- Industrial agriculture is practiced over large arable lands. This needs a huge amount of livestock also. Often the livestocks are kept in filthy conditions thus making them susceptible to communicable diseases.

Practiced frequently- In United States, almost all major commodity crops are grown under industrial agriculture. However the practice of monoculture is frequently discontinued.

Industrial agriculture has been under controversy because according to many agriculturists its benefits can't outweigh its costs. Industrial agriculture has brought into existence cheap agricultural products and at the same time has magnified the profit that goes to the pocket of the farmer. The crop produced under industrial agriculture has developed demand in the global market also as US exports 60 percent of wheat and 30 percent of soybeans thus produced.

However the environmental costs of industrial agriculture is simply huge. Besides pollution and soil destruction, it also consumes large amounts of water, energy and chemicals.

(3) Crop Agriculture:

Crop agriculture encompasses the rigorous cultivation to produce fiber, food and feed. Crop agriculture also provides ingredients which are of industrial or medicinal use.

Ornamental products can also be obtained through crop agriculture.

Crop agriculture first made it's appearance when hunters of the stone age switched over to the culture of species which were favored.



Crop agriculture produced new variety of crops which were derived from their predecessors by choosing seeds which were comparatively larger in size and possessed other suitable features.

Middle east, Southern Europe and North African countries produced sugar beet, barley,oats, wheat, millet, forage legumes in specific regions of the above mentioned countries.

Crop agriculture in North America as well as South America produced tobacco, sunflowers, corn, potatoes, peanuts. Crop agriculture in China produced rice, sugarcane while bananas and citrus fruits were produced by South Asia.

Latest techniques employed in crop agriculture vary vastly in its range. Crop agriculture during the modern times range from management of small lands to big lands for commercial purposes.

Crop agriculture farmers are well versed in the selection of those varieties of plants which are capable of adapting themselves to the varying or fluctuating soil and climatic conditions.

A good crop agriculture farmer should be capable enough to store crops, harvesting crops, planting crops, growing as well as protecting crops.

Managing crops and to prevent the crops from being infected by pests, insects and diseases is required to be taken care of by the expert crop agriculture farmer.

Possessing marketing skills goes a long way to determine the amount of return an individual farmer can avail of from the crops.



Given below is a comparative account of grain crops and forage crops.

Grain crops & Forage crops

This category of grain crops consists of large seeds which are edible. Crop agriculture farmers produce legumes in unison with a grass.

Examples: Barley, rye, oats, sorghum, wheat, maize, rice. Examples: Forage crops are white clovers, alfalfa, red clovers, birds foot.

Sorghum, corn, oats, barley serve as poultry feed and livestock. Grasses may comprise of orchard grass, bluegrass, timothy etc.,.

Rye, barley,wheat and barley are grown in areas where there is low to moderate rainfall.(Temperate climate) Consumption of forage crops as pastures is prevalent in tropical and sub tropical areas.

Forage crops for storage is prevalent in the temperate regions

Answer 3

Shifting agriculture:In north east India.it is that practise in which tribals clear a forest region by burning and practise agriculture there.after 3 to 4 years the soil loses fertility and the move to some other place and repeat the same procedure

Truck farming:that kind of agriculture in which crops are away from city markets and are transported there by trucks.the distance is equal to the distance a truck can cover overnight

Sedentary intensive agriculture:That kind of farming in which manual labour is utilised most and use of machinery is extremely less.family members help in this process of agriculture.the protection of environment ins possible as the use of machinery is less

Co-operative farming:That kind of farming in which farmers of a village join together and practise agriculture by dividing responsibilities amongst themselves.

Collective farming:exactly like co-operative farming except that there is a manager who supervises farming activities.

Plantation farming:Growth of the same crop over large estates.done in kerala.Crops: cocoa,tea,coffee,rubber etc.