Please Help!!!?

Question

Hi, so I will give ten points to the person that answers the most please help!!!!!

Give one feature of each stle of architecture:

Byzantine

Greek

Roman

Gothic

Romanesque

please dont say, stuff like do ur own homework, cuz i will report you!

Answer 1

Pictures to help:

Byzantine: http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/im...

Greek: http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/im...

Roman: http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/im...

Gothic: http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/im...

Romanesque: http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/im...

I hope this helps you a bit with out giveing you the answers. I think seeing the pictures will help you be able to better describe them in your own words.

Answer 2

I won't say "do your own work", but you should post this in the "homework help" category, not in "homeschooling"...even if you *are* homeschooled.

Answer 3

The Byzantine Style

Noted for its rich use of ornamental domes, colorful mosaics, and lavish decorations, the Byzantine style of architecture has found new life on American soil due to its structural integrity and cultural associations.

Perhaps no other single style of architecture combines ancient ecclesiastical forms with sacred artworks as lavishly as the Byzantine. And throughout New York State, one can find magnificent examples of the style in its purist form as well as in adaptations that have been used in the designs of religious properties of all denominations. The style developed during the Byzantine Empire (500 A.D. and thereafter) and is characterized by complex vaulting with domes, large open spaces, and lavish decoration with mosaics, gilding, and paintings of Christian subjects. Today, the style is most strongly associated with Orthodox Christian Greek immigrants, who beginning in the early 20th century built churches that expressed their cultural traditions.

In 323 A.D., Constantine the Great moved the capital of the Roman Empire to the Greek town of Byzantium and established a formal culture of church and state. Byzantium was renamed Constantinople (current day Istanbul) and became the seat of this ecclesiastical government. Today, the term "Byzantine" refers to the entire Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantine art represents the final, Christian stage of Antiquity. The relocation of the capital to Byzantium resulted in the division of the Roman Empire by the beginning of the 5th century followed by a religious split: the Eastern, or Orthodox Church, was headed by the Emperor and his appointed patriarch; and the Western, or Catholic church, was headed by the Bishop of Rome and separate from the powers of the state.

Early Christian architecture, the first built expressions of the new faith in Constantinople, was based on a new building type called the basilica. The form and use of this building, derived from Roman courthouses, became the basic model for Western medieval church architecture and remained important in Byzantine architecture. The basilica form featured a rectangular nave with columns supporting a pitched roof; an altar and apse at the east end; and an atrium or narthex at the west end, often with an exonarthex (an open porch with columns).

The leading monument of the age and prototype of Byzantine architecture is the Hagia Sophia (St. Sophia or the Church of Holy Wisdom), Istanbul, constructed between 532 A.D. and 537 A.D. Its vast pendentive dome - a distinctive element of the Byzantine form - floats on spherical triangles (called pendentives) that are located between the dome and four supporting piers. The interior glitters with mosaics that create an open, weightless space. The domed, central-plan for churches dominated the architecture of the Orthodox Christian world. By the late 9th century, the typical plan for a church contained a Greek cross (a cross with arms of equal length) within a square, flanked by a narthex on the west and an apse on the east. The central feature of the church was the dome on a square base, often resting on a cylindrical drum with tall windows.

Constantinople was the source of inspiration and guidance for the Orthodox Christians of the Byzantine Commonwealth, which included Asia Minor, the Balkan states, Greece, eastern Italy and Sicily; it also influenced Slavic, Carpatho-Russian, and North African cultures. Furthermore, Byzantine art, at its zenith when the Romanesque style emerged in Europe, permeated Romanesque ornament and even intermingled with Celtic art in Scotland and Ireland. The Empire lasted in reduced size until 1453, when the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople. Characteristic Byzantine forms, structures, and designs have been applied continuously in the old empire, even through the Ottoman occupation.

The Byzantine style is characterized by the dome and the cruciform shape, round arches, and circular windows. Buildings are formal and symmetrical, with compact, functional plans. Exterior walls are smooth and plain. Popular materials include buff brick in large, flat sizes; light-colored stone, often in bands; and stucco or plastered and painted concrete.

During the Classical Greek architecture period, it was made up of three different orders that are most commonly seen in their temples. These three orders were the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The orders are also known for their columns style. The Corinthian order was not used as widely as the Doric of Ionic. The reason being, is that the Corinthian order was fancier than the others, and had a lot more detail. Thus, information dealing with this order is very little, and some is not worth putting up.

The most basic order for their temples would be the Doric order. Doric architecture was known for being used by the Spartans. It all starts with some wood shafts, which latter was replaced by stone. On the top of the shaft, were circular pads with a square block of wood over it. The vertical columns were used to support the beams called architraves. In order to form the ceiling, other beams were laid across the building with their ends on these architraves. On the end of these beams, they could be channeled to make a triglyph. On the top of a triglyph there would be another beam which would be placed for the overhanging rafters. These type of beams were referred as to a mutules. The finishing touches for the roof had to have a flat gables called pediments. The gutter ran along the top of the pediments and ended at a lion's mouth. This acted like a drain. The materials that were used for the roofs were thatch and the terra-cotta and marble. The of Doric temples were similar to those of the Ionic order in lay out and design.

The final order would be the Ionic order. Their columns were more slender than those of the Doric order. Their dimensions were eight to nine meters high, instead of four to five. The columns had a molded base which was placed under them and then sculpted figures on the lower part of the shaft were added. At the top of these shafts, were rectangular blocks of stone, which were carved in the shape of hair or other wave and line shapes.

Romans were famous for their advancement in architecture and engineering. Before the Romans, the most commonly used building style was the post and lintel. This way of building was of course limited in the weight it could carry and therefore the span between the supports.

The Roman Architecture changed all this and advanced this by introducing new methods of architecture; The Columns and The Arches. With these methods the romans were able to construct bigger temples and buildings than ever before.

Roman architects used three types of columns through out their long history. The first and most basic type was called the Doric Style. It's plain features where not as attractive as its futures forms but it served a great purpose - to hold up huge and heavy buildings.

So what were the characteristics of a Gothic building? Generally speaking, Gothic architecture emphasized strong vertical lines, high vaulted ceilings, minimal wall space, pointed window and door openings, and buttressed walls. But these characteristic Gothic themes did not spring into being overnight. Let's see how the style of Gothic architecture evolved in Britain.

Romanesque architecture is known by its massive quality, its thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers and decorative arcading. Each building has clearly defined forms and they are frequently of very regular, symmetrical plan so that the overall appearance is one of simplicity when compared with the Gothic buildings that were to follow. The style can be identified right across Europe, despite regional characteristics and different materials.