1. A study of metabolic rates in a terrestrial community showed that the energy released by respiration exceeded the energy captured in photosynthesis. Which one of the following situations is most likely?
A. Community biomass is increasing.
B. Community biomass is decreasing.
C. A climax community has been reached.
D. The first law of thermodynamics (energy is conserved) in not in effect.
E. The second law of thermodynamics (in a closed system, there is a general tendency toward disorder) is not in effect.
2. In ecosystems, organisms at the highest trophic levels usually contain less collective biomass than the organisms at lower trophic levels because _____.
A. organisms are inefficient at converting the energy they consume into biomass
B. biomass shrinks as it rises
C. top-level predators use so much energy to catch their food
D. producers (for example, plants) tend to be heavier than consumers (for example, birds)
E. most of the solar energy hitting Earth is reflected or re-radiated into space
3. Which of the following statements is correct? (Concept 54.4) [Hint]
A. Over land, evaporation exceeds transpiration and precipitation.
B. Over land, evaporation and transpiration exceed precipitation.
C. Over oceans, transpiration exceeds precipitation.
D. Over oceans, evaporation exceeds precipitation.
E. Most of Earth's water can be found in living systems.
4. The global hydrologic cycle supports a net flow of atmospheric water vapor ______.
A. rom the oceans to land
B. from land to the oceans
C. from polar to tropical regions
D. from tropical to polar regions
E. from unforested to forested biomes
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