Alot of vocab help needed?

Question

This is on 5th grade weather. Please jjust give defenition

Convection current

Atmospher

Land Breeze

Sea bReeze

humidity

climate

cloud

ground water

run-off

water cycle

ocean currents(convection driven)

Ocean Currents (wind driven

Warm water currents

cool water currents

El Nino

air pressure

hurricane

tornado

thermometer

barometer

sling phychrometer

windmeter

compass

cloud chart

rain gauge

warm front

cold front

Answer 1

convection: the process in which cool air delves down, while warmer air rises to the top. The warm air usually cools in the cooler, higher sections of the atmosphere and again begins to return back down. Local breezes, wind and even thunderstorms are a result of convection.

Atmosphere The envelope of air surrounding the Earth and bound to it more or less permanently by virtue of the Earth's gravitational attraction; the system whose chemical properties, dynamic motions, and physical processes constitute the subject matter of meteorology.

land breeze: A diurnal coastal breeze that blows offshore, from the land to the sea. It is caused by the temperature difference when the sea surface is warmer than the adjacent land. Predominate during the night, it reaches its maximum about dawn. It blows in the opposite direction of a sea breeze.

sea breeze: A diurnal coastal breeze that blows onshore, from the sea to the land. It is caused by the temperature difference when the surface of the land is warmer than the adjacent body of water. Predominate during the day, it reaches its maximum early to mid afternoon. It blows in the opposite direction of a land breeze.

humidity: the quantity of water vapor in the air. Relative humidity is the ration between the actual quantity of watervapor and the amount of watervapor that the air can hold at a given temperature.

climate : average meteorological conditions in a certain area over a certain period (minimum 30 years)

cloud: a suspended mass of water vapor in the atmosphere. Clouds can be categorized into two general groups: cumulus clouds (tall, cotton ball) and stratus clouds (layered); these can be divided even further to 4 sub-groups describing altitude: 20,000 ft and above are the cirrus or cirro clouds (cirrocumulus, cirrostratus), composed of mostly ice crystals; from 6,500 to 20,000ft are the alto clouds (altostratus, altocumulus); Low clouds develop up to 6,500ft (stratocumulus, nimbostratus) ,can contact the ground and when they do so, are called fog; existing at many heights, extending far from their bases are the Vertical clouds, such as the cumulus (Cumulonimbus clouds, can have their base near the ground yet reach heights of 75,000ft.)

ground water: (1) water that flows or seeps downward and saturates soil or rock, supplying springs and wells. The upper surface of the saturate zone is called the water table. (2) Water stored underground in rock crevices and in the pores of geologic materials that make up the Earth's crust.

run-off : the flow of water which enters stream or river channels promptly after rainfall or snowmelt. Runoff can pick up pollutants from the land and carry them into streams.

water cycle: the circuit of water movement from the oceans to the atmosphere and to the Earth and return to the atmosphere through various stages or processes such as precipitation, interception, runoff, infiltration, percolation, storage, evaporation, and transportation.

ocean currents(convection driven): A tidal or non-tidal continuous movement of ocean water in a certain direction.

Ocean Currents (wind driven):  In wind driven currents, the Ekman spiral effect results in the currents flowing at an angle to the driving winds. The areas of surface ocean currents move somewhat with the seasons; this is most notable in equatorial currents.

Warm water currents: The vertical and horizontal transport of water in all its states between the earth, the atmosphere, and the seas.

cool water currents : A horizontal movement of cold water, such as the Gulf Stream off the east coast of North America, or air, such as the jet stream.

El Nino : warming of surface waters in the eastern equatorial Pacific that brings about strange anomolous weather patterns to the coastal regions. Certain economical and ecological disasters can be linked to this phenomena.

air pressure or atmospheric pressure: force exerted on a surface area, created by the weight of air above it.

hurricane : tropical storms with winds exceeding 74 mph originating over the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans near high humidity and light winds. One well known characteristic of a hurricane is it's eye, which is generally about 5 to 25 miles in diameter and in which are present calm conditions, with clear skies and light winds. Hurricanes can move rather quickly losing intensity as soon as land is encountered, but not without having created very high tides and possibly massive destruction.

tornado : A violently rotating column of air in contact with and extending between a convective cloud and the surface of the earth. It is the most destructive of all storm-scale atmospheric phenomena. They can occur anywhere in the world given the right conditions, but are most frequent in the United States in an area bounded by the Rockies on the west and the Appalachians in the east.

thermometer : An instrument used for measuring temperature. The different scales used in meteorology are Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin or Absolute.

barometer: tool for measuring atmospheric pressure.

sling phychrometer: an instrument that measures relative humidity (a hygrometer).

windmeter : an instrument that displays the wind speed

compass : a navigational instrument for finding directions

cloud chart : A cloud-observing guide showing photographs of typical cloud formations with corresponding cloud symbols.

rain gauge: An instrument used to measure the amount of rain that has fallen. Measurement is done in hundredths of inches (0.01").

warm front : The leading edge of an advancing warm air mass that is replacing a retreating relatively colder air mass. Generally, with the passage of a warm front, the temperature and humidity increase, the pressure rises, and although the wind shifts (usually from the southwest to the northwest in the Northern Hemisphere), it is not as pronounced as with a cold frontal passage. Precipitation, in the form of rain, snow, or drizzle, is generally found ahead of the surface front, as well as convective showers and thunderstorms. Fog is common in the cold air ahead of the front. Although clearing usually occurs after passage, some conditions may produced fog in the warm air.

cold front : Used in meteorology to describe a mass of cold air moving toward a mass of warm air.