Runway + Class B/C airspace questions [FAA presolo exam help]?

Question

Please help, I've hit a wall for my Presolo FAA written exam. I'm stuck on these two questions without a clue where to go from here.

1. How can you determine if a runway is closed?

2. How can you use navigation equipment/ground reference points to identify Class B boundaries? what about Class C boundaries?

Answer 1

ATC will apprise you of a closed runway if it is temporary; NOTAMs will also mention runway closures.  Permanent closures will involve placing Xs on the runway (or carving them with bulldozers, in Chicago), and the runways will simply be removed from the airport/facility directory and so indicated on diagrams, and there may also be a NOTAM reminding pilots that the runway is closed.

Class B and C boundaries are often defined in terms of radials and distances from navigational aids such as VORs. In some cases, their boundaries are defined by waypoints or natural features on the surface.  In many cases you can still determine your position relative to the airspaces in the air with navigational aids, but in some cases you need moving map GPS with airspace boundaries in its database, such as in the case of recent (highly controversial) changes to the KPHX Class B.  Vertical boundaries are marked on the charts and are easier to respect.