1. Meiosis results in the direct production of _______________.
Homozygous cells
Heterozygous cells
Gametes
Zygotes
2. A cell that has successfully completed meiosis has a chromosome number called _________.
Haploid
Diploid
Polyploid
Tetraploid
3. If a species normally has 52 chromosomes, the cells it produces by Meiosis will each have ____ chromosomes.
104
52
26
13
4. What are genes?
Proteins inside the nucleus of a cell.
The part of a chromosome that determines inheritance.
A female s*x cell
A male s*x cell
5. How many pairs of chromosomes are in a human cell?
30
18
23
46
6. There are two types of cell division: Mitosis and Meiosis. Most of the time when people refer to “cell division,†they mean Mitosis, the process of making new body cells. Meiosis is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells.
Mitosis is a fundamental process for life. During Mitosis, a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells. Because this process is so critical, the steps of Mitosis are carefully controlled by a number of genes. When Mitosis is not regulated correctly, health problems such as cancer can result.
The other type of cell division, Meiosis, ensures that humans have the same number of chromosomes in each generation. It is a two-step process that reduces the chromosome number by half—from 46 to 23—to form sperm and egg cells. When the sperm and egg cells unite at conception, each contributes 23 chromosomes, so the resulting embryo will have the usual 46. Meiosis also allows genetic variation through a process of DNA shuffling while the cells are dividing.
The passage is a review of Mitosis and Meiosis. Answer the following:
a. What is one way Mitosis and Meiosis are similar?
b. A human skin cell has 46 chromosomes. After Mitosis, how many chromosomes will each new skin cell have?
c. What types of cells are produced from Meiosis?
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