Somebody can help me pleaseeee......"Computers Commmunication"????

Question

1)I know many companies in order to be more productive use a process know as electronic data interchange (EDI). Since I am interested in opening my own business could you explain whar this process is and how it colud maybe make my business more productive.

2) I heard the term handshaking used when the network. people were talking about computers communicating with ane another. I know what a handshke is when talking about people. However, I nver heard the term used when talking about computers. What does this term mean?

3) The small company I work for is expanding its network. I heard the networks engineers talk about a T1 and a T3 line.

4) Are instant Messaging and e-mail the same thing. think they are but m friend says no way. Who's right? If there is a difference, what is it?

IT IS PART OF MY HOMEWORK

BUT ENGLISH IS NOT MY FIRST LANGUAGE

THANKS EVERYBODY

FOR YOUR HELP

Answer 1

T1 and T3 lines aree a type of internet service, such as DSL or Dial-Up. T1 and T3 lines are generally faster and are made for companies that have a high use of internet access. T1 and T3 lines are not made for resedential use.

Instant Mesaging is similar to emails. Like an email, two people send and recieve messges amongst each other. Unlike email though, instant messaging is a live interaction betweeen two, three, or up to an infinite number of peole (maybe not that high). You can instantly send and recieve messages instaead of checking your email and replying.

Hope this Helps! Cheers and Good Luck!

Answer 2

Since you didn't specify which country you are in...

I'm going to assume you are in the U.S. -- which will make it easier to answer your questions...

(1)

EDI is the process of essentially 2 different computer networks exchanging information. Usually EDI is used when 2 databases need to communicate.  

Let's say for example your company needs to get Postal rates from FedEx or DHL.  Using EDI, the computer program on your end with transmit package dimensions, weight, and destination address with FedEx in order to get the correct cost of shipping.

Another example could involve sending Billing information to a Credit Card processor.

Most companies/vendors will help you set up EDI if you need to do this for billing purposes.  They often times have either a program which does this OR publishes documentation which a database administrator/consultant can use to configure it.

(2) a "handshake" in computer terms is just a way of saying that the 2 computer systems initiate a communication session. Essentially "handshaking" involves the 2 computers sending acknowledgements to each other and agreeing upon a standard communication protocol.

Similar to 2 humans walking up to each other.. announcing their names, and announcing what language they speak... like: "Hi, I'm John, I speak english and am from the US"

Computers do this but use a lot of "acknowledgements" or "acks" to tell the other computer when they are done sending information and when they request the other computer to acknowledge that they recieved the information

If Humans used this method it would look something like this

Human1: "About to Send"

Human 2: "Proceed"

Human1: "Beginning Transmission"

Human2: "OK"

Human1:" My name is John"

Human1: "Done"

Human2: "OK"

Human1:"Did you hear me?"

Human2: "Yes"

Human1: "How long was that?"

Human2: "15 characters"

Human2: "Was that correct?"

Human1: "Yes"

Human2: "Now my turn"

Human2: "About to Send"

etc. etc. etc.

It would take a very long time to get anything done...but luckily computers can do this very fast.

(3) T1 is a 1.5 megabit per second connection to the internet or between 2 networks. It is fine for just a few people connecting to the internet but is much slower then DSL  and cable internet connections.  T1s are relatively pricey for the speed but you get that connection dedicated to you and the telephone company responds quicker to issues then it would if you had DSL or Cable.

A T3 is 100mbps - a much better connection.  I think the pricing for a T3 is about $1500/month $US

(4)

Instant messaging is when a application sends quick messages over the internet to someone with the same application somewhere else.  The message pops up in their application more or less instantly and is good for quick messages which are not important enough to log.  Both people have to be "logged into" the application.  IM doesn't work if 1 of the people's computer is turned off.

E-mail or "electronic mail" is an old way of communicating which sends a more formal message to the person's email address.  That person can retrieve their messages using an e-mail client. E-mail is used primarily for more formal communication which is stored in the sender's "sent items" as well as the receiptents "inbox" thus there is more of a "paper-trail" associated with e-mail.  Even if the person's computer is turned off, their email is stored on an e-mail server until they have a chance to check it.

Think of the difference between just verbally talking to someone (IM) vs. leaving them a voicemail on their telephone. (e-mail) -- that's the basic difference.

Now do your OWN homework from now on :(

Answer 3

The use of a network of computers and computer terminals by individuals at various locations to interact with each other by entering data into the computer system. Also known as computer conferencing.

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Computer networking



Network cards such as this one can transmit and receive data at high rates over various types of network cables. This card is a 'Combo' card which supports three cabling standards.This article is about computer networking, the discipline of engineering computer networks. For the article on computer networks, see Computer network.

Computer networking is the engineering discipline concerned with communication between computer systems or devices. Networking, routers, routing protocols, and networking over the public Internet have their specifications defined in documents called RFCs.[1] Computer networking is sometimes considered a sub-discipline of telecommunications, computer science, information technology and/or computer engineering. Computer networks rely heavily upon the theoretical and practical application of these scientific and engineering disciplines.

A computer network is any set of computers or devices connected to each other with the ability to exchange data.[2] Examples of networks are:

local area network (LAN), which is usually a small network constrained to a small geographic area.

wide area network (WAN) that is usually a larger network that covers a large geographic area.

wireless LANs and WANs (WLAN & WWAN) is the wireless equivalent of the LAN and WAN

All networks are interconnected to allow communication with a varity of different kinds of media, which including twisted-pair copper wire cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, and various wireless technologies.[3] The devices can be separated by a few meters (e.g. via Bluetooth) or nearly unlimited distances (e.g. via the interconnections of the Internet[4]).

Views of networks

Users and network administrators often have different views of their networks. Often, users that share printers and some servers form a workgroup, which usually means they are in the same geographic location and are on the same LAN. A community of interest has less of a connotation of being in a local area, and should be thought of as a set of arbitrarily located users who share a set of servers, and possibly also communicate via peer-to-peer technologies.

Network administrators see networks from both physical and logical perspectives. The physical perspective involves geographic locations, physical cabling, and the network elements (e.g., routers, bridges and application layer gateways that interconnect the physical media. Logical networks, called, in the TCP/IP architecture, subnets , map onto one or more physical media. For example, a common practice in a campus of buildings is to make a set of LAN cables in each building appear to be a common subnet, using virtual LAN (VLAN) technology.

Both users and administrators will be aware, to varying extents, of the trust and scope characteristics of a network. Again using TCP/IP architectural terminology, an intranet is a community of interest under private administration usually by an enterprise, and is only accessible by authorized users (e.g. employees). [5] Intranets do not have to be connected to the Internet, but generally have a limited connection. An extranet is an extention of an intranet that allows secure communications to users outside of the intranet (e.g. business partners, customers).[6]

Informally, the Internet is the set of users, enterprises,and content providers that are interconnected by Internet Service Providers (ISP). From an engineering standpoint, the Internet is the set of subnets, and aggregates of subnets, which share the registered IP address space and exchange information about the reachability of those IP addresses using the Border Gateway Protocol. Typically, the human-readable names of servers are translated to IP addresses, transparently to users, via the directory function of the Domain Name System (DNS).

Over the Internet, there can be business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C) and consumer-to-consumer (C2C) communications. Especially when money or sensitive information is exchanged, the communications are apt to be secured by some form of communications security mechanism. Intranets and extranets can be securely superimposed onto the Internet, without any access by general Internet users, using secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology.

History

Before the advent of computer networks that were based upon some type of telecommunications system, communication between calculation machines and early computers was performed by human users by carrying instructions between them. Many of the social behavior seen in today's Internet was demonstrably present in nineteenth-century telegraph networks, and arguably in even earlier networks using visual signals. [7]

In September 1940 George Stibitz used a teletype machine to send instructions for a problem set from his Model K at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire to his Complex Number Calculator in New York and received results back by the same means. Linking output systems like teletypes to computers was an interest at the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) when, in 1962, J.C.R. Licklider was hired and developed a working group he called the "Intergalactic Network", a precursor to the ARPANet.

In 1964, researchers at Dartmouth developed the Dartmouth Time Sharing System for distributed users of large computer systems. The same year, at MIT, a research group supported by General Electric and Bell Labs used a computer (DEC's PDP-8) to route and manage telephone connections.

Throughout the 1960s Leonard Kleinrock, Paul Baran and Donald Davies independently conceptualized and developed network systems which used datagrams or packets that could be used in a packet switched network between computer systems.

The first widely used PSTN switch that used true computer control was the Western Electric 1ESS switch, introduced in 1965.

In 1969 the University of California at Los Angeles, SRI (in Stanford), University of California at Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah were connected as the beginning of the ARPANet network using 50 kbit/s circuits. Commercial services using X.25, an alternative architecture to the TCP/IP suite, were deployed in 1972.

Computer networks, and the technologies needed to connect and communicate through and between them, continue to drive computer hardware, software, and peripherals industries. This expansion is mirrored by growth in the numbers and types of users of networks from the researcher to the home user.

Today, computer networks are the core of modern communication. For example, all modern aspects of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) are computer-controlled, and telephony increasingly runs over the Internet Protocol, although not necessarily the public Internet. The scope of communication has increased significantly in the past decade and this boom in communications would not have been possible without the progressively advancing computer network.

Networking methods

Networking is a complex part of computing that makes up most of the IT Industry. Without networks, almost all communication in the world would cease to happen. It is because of networking that telephones, televisions, the internet, etc. work.

One way to categorize computer networks are by their geographic scope, although many real-world networks interconnect Local Area Networks (LAN) via Wide Area Networks (WAN). These two (broad) types are:

Local area network (LAN)

A local area network is a network that spans a relatively small space and provides services to a small amount of people. Depending on the amount of people that use a Local Area Network, a peer-to-peer or client-server method of networking may be used. A peer-to-peer network is where each client shares their resources with other workstations in the network. Examples of peer-to-peer networks are: Small office networks where resource use is minimal and a home network. A client-server network is where every client is connected to the server and each other. Client-server networks use servers in different capacities. These can be classified into two types: Single-service servers, where the server performs one task such as file server, print server, etc.; while other servers can not only perform in the capacity of file servers and print servers, but they also conduct calculations and use these to provide information to clients (Web/Intranet Server). Computers are linked via Ethernet Cable, can be joined either directly (one computer to another), or via a network hub that allows multiple connections.

Historically, LANs have featured much higher speeds than WANs. This is not necessarily the case when the WAN technology appears as Metro Ethernet, implemented over optical transmission systems.

Wide area network (WAN)

A wide area network is a network where a wide variety of resources are deployed across a large domestic area or internationally. An example of this is a multinational business that uses a WAN to interconnect their offices in different countries. The largest and best example of a WAN is the Internet, which is a network comprised of many smaller networks. The Internet is considered the largest network in the world.[8]. The PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) also is an extremely large network that is converging to use Internet technologies, although not necessarily through the public Internet.

A Wide Area Network involves communication through the use of a wide range of different technologies. These technologies include Point-to-Point WANs such as Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and High-Level Data Link Control (HLDC), Frame Relay, ATM

Answer 4

A handshake in computer terms indicates that the computer you are working from has made connection to the computer you are trying to access.

T1 and T3 are dedicated lines for communications.

IM and e- mail is not the same, there is a delay in e-mail where as instant messaging is instant, hence the name.