Question:

Third ionization energy of manganese greater than chromium and iron?

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Manganese: [Ar] 4s2 3d5

Chromium: [Ar]4s1 3d5

Iron: [Ar]4s2 3d6

The question is:

Using the electron configurations, why is the third ionization energy of manganese greater than those of both chromium and iron?

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  1. The discussion is about the ionization potentials of:

    Mn(2+): [Ar] 4s0 3d5

    Cr(2+): [Ar]4s0 3d4

    and Fe(2+): [Ar]4s0 3d6

    Since Mn(2+), with its electron configuration [Ar] 4s0 3d5, has the 3d orbital half filled, it is more stable than both Cr(2+) ([Ar]4s1 3d5) and Fe(2+) ([Ar]4s2 3d6).  Therefore its ionization energy of Mn(2+) would be the highest among these three.

    Note: Half filled d-orbitals are less stable than completely filled, but more stable than all the others.

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