Trees conversion into timber?

Question

How do people process the trees into usable? e.g how do u turn a tree into a piece of timber?

i page please.

thankyou

Answer 1

Those processes required to bring all or a portion of a tree from the stump to the mill facilities. Logging (tree harvesting) processes are clustered into tree conversion, woods transport (off-road transportation), landing operations (wood transfer), transport from landing to mill facility (truck, water, or rail), and unloading at the mill facility (wood transfer). See also Paper; Plywood; Wood products.

The start of harvesting is the cutting down of trees with hand tools, chain saws, or mechanized felling machines. The tree may be further cut into suitable lengths (bucking), or it may be transported whole or in tree-lengths. Tree products may be allocated during bucking with the aid of a computer on the felling and bucking machine or by a faller using a log order list or a hand-held computer to help decide the log products to make. The objective of the tree falling operation is to fell the tree with minimum damage, to avoid damaging surrounding trees, to minimize soil and water impacts, and to position the tree or logs for the next phase of harvesting. The goal of bucking is to produce the most valuable assortment of logs from the tree while considering the physical capability of the skidding (log-dragging), yarding (moving of logs to a landing), or forwarding (log-carrying) equipment.

Logs in lengths from about 1 to 10 m (3 to 33 ft) or other products must be transported from the stump to a place where they are further processed (often called a landing). In some cases, entire trees are pulled to the landing. Humans, animals, crawler tractors and wheeled skidders (machines that drag the logs), forwarders (machines that carry loads of logs), farm tractors with winches or trailers, cable logging systems, balloons, or even helicopters transport logs and tree products to landings.

At the landing, the logs or trees may be stored or directly processed for transport. They may be loaded onto trucks, trains, barges, or ships, or prepared for water transport. Whole trees brought to a landing may have limbs and bark removed, and then be chipped and loaded into chip vans for transport to a pulp mill. Tree-length segments may be delimbed and bucked into logs for different market destinations. Trees may be shredded, chunked, or processed through machines for use as fuel. The allocation process may include measurement by volume or weight of the products.

Because logs are heavy, they are normally loaded mechanically, although some regions still use manual or animal methods involving ramps. There are two general types of mechanical loaders used at roadside: swingboom loaders with grapples, and front-end loaders fitted with a log fork or grapple. Both are mobile, mounted on tracked or rubber-tired carriers. Forwarders usually unload themselves either into log decks for storage or onto setout trailers.

Trucks are most commonly used to transport log products to mill facilities. They vary from small vehicles hauling 5–8 tons on straight beds to large specialized off-highway vehicles hauling 50 tons or more. A variety of truck trailers are used depending upon the type of product. Trees or long logs may be loaded onto pole trailers. Short logs, 2.5 m (8 ft) and less, are often stacked sideways on flat-bed trailers with bunks. Chips or flakes are hauled in specially designed chip vans. Water transport in barges, as log rafts, and as free-floating logs is used in some areas.

Log products can be unloaded from truck trailers by lifting, rolling, or dumping over the side or end, depending upon the type of trailer. Trees and long logs are usually lifted from trailers by a grapple on mobile wheel loaders or overhead cranes (which can unload the entire truck in one pass). Shorter logs are often unloaded using slings. In some cases, short wood for pulp is swept directly off the trailer and fed into a debarking machine to eliminate rehandling. Chip trailers are often tilted and end-dumped on large hydraulic ramps.