4. A physical anthropologist is interested in estimating the proportion p of inglook people in the Arctic area of North America having the condition known as torus mandibularus ™, a protuberance of the lower jaw. She proposes to take a random sample of 300 Inglook people from the area and examine each person to determine whether they have ™ or not. Let
Xi = (1 if person I has ™, 0 otherwise)
For i = 1,…,300
Show that E(Xi) = p and V(Xi) = p(1-p)
It is proposed to estimate the population proportion of Inglook people who have the condition ™ (denoted by p) by the sample proportion
P=(X1 +X2+….+X300)/300
Show that p is the maximum likelihood estimator of p. Also show that its unbiased estimator of p and find its variance.
In the actual tests conducted by the anthropologist, it is found that 110 people have the condition. Using this information, construct an approximate 95% confidence interval for the true proportion p.
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