What's the difference between subsistence agriculture and market-orientated agriculture?

Question

Where are these two types of agriculture most common in the world?

Answer 1

Other than subsistence agriculture providing for the farmer, differences may also apply to methodology and land use. Susistence farming can, when done correctly with crop rotation, will not depleat the land of nutrients and may not even require fertilization. If we are dumping a significant amount of fertilizers into our market oriented agriculture then we are actually making farming a carbon (petrol) based industry instead of a green industry.

Answer 2

subsistence agriculture is where your family grows enough crops and raises enough animals to feed your family, it is very common in third world countries

marked-oriented agriculture is just as the name says. you grow crops and raise animals with the intent of selling them at the market for profit, it is more common in the larger, more wealty countries

Answer 3

Subsistence agriculture is a farmer producing enough food to feed himself and his family, and rarely has enough extra produce to sell or barter. You can find subsistence agriculture almost anywhere, but far more common in underdeveloped countries such as many countries in Africa. Market oriented agriculture is any agriculture where produce is grown for sale. Market orientated, as well can be found almost anywhere, but is predominate in countries like the US, Canada, and much of Europe.  

Answer 4

All of the previous answers are correct.  The two can be seen as somewhat of a secession from hunter/gatherer societies to subsistence agriculture to market-oriented agriculture as a country develops.  However, here in the U.S. some farms are going back to a way of operating that more closely resembles subsistence farming event though they may sell some extra to others.  

Answer 5

Subsistence agriculture is aimed at feeding just the farming family or community.  Market-orientated agriculture is geared to producing products for sale.

Answer 6

Subsistence agriculture is self-sufficient farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed the family and to pay taxes or feudal dues. The typical subsistence farm has a range of crops and animals needed by the family to eat during the year. Planting decisions are made with an eye toward what the family will need during the coming year, rather than market prices. Subsistence farming typically uses few fertilizers and no machines. Instead the farmers may use draft animals which can be fed and raised on the farm. Subsistence farmers often rely on crop rotation, animal manure, and compost to restore the nutrients rather than purchasing expensive synthetic fertilizers.

In areas which are sparsely populated, subsistence agriculture can be sustainable for a long time. In more densely populated areas, subsistence agriculture may deplete the soil of nutrients, and damage the environment. However the traditional agriculture of East Asia, for example the small-holdings of China, has been described as sustainable, using extensive methods of cultivation and despite high population pressure.

Market or commercial agriculture is the production of crops for sale, crops intended for widespread distribution (e.g. supermarkets), and any non-food crops such as cotton and tobacco. Commercial agriculture includes livestock production and livestock grazing. Commercial agriculture does not include crops grown for household consumption (e.g backyard garden or from a vegetable garden or fruit tree's)

Commercial farming is a progression from Diversified (sometimes called Mixed) farming, when the landowner acquires a sufficiently large amount of arable land and sufficiently advanced technology (such as hybrid seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.). At this point, it becomes more profitable for the landowner to specialize and focus on one particular crop due to economies of scale. This is further augmented by high levels of technology, which significantly reduces the risk of poor harvests. Another important difference between commercial farming and less-developed forms of agriculture is the new emphasis on capital formation, scientific progress and technological development, as opposed to an emphasis on natural resource utilization that is common to subsistence and diversified agriculture

Due to the expensive nature of capital formation and implementation of technological processes, the landowners of such farms are often large agricultural corporations (especially in developing countries). Commercial farming, in terms of some of its processes, is conceptually not very different from large industrial enterprises.