What are considered the "coming of age novels" for Spain, Italy, and France. ?

Question

They have to be novels which were specifically written for young adults

Answer 1

Actually in Europe novels for "young adults" as intended in the US are not that popular; usually in that category we put some classics from writers like Jules Verne, Mark Twain or Emilio Salgari, even if is not proper to state those novels were aimed to young adults, at the times they've been written...

You should know yet Verne and Twain, perhaps Salgari is not that popular outside of Italy, so you should look for his two main series, "Sandokan" and "Il Corsaro Nero", along with stand-alone novels like "Capitan Tempesta". In Italy Salgari novels' been brought on the silver screen and TV dozen of times, he's really really popular, perhaps the most beloved Italian writer ever...

"Though virtually unknown to the English-speaking world, Emilio Salgari is possibly the most-read Italian author of all time. Set in exotic locations, with heroes from a wide variety of cultures and backgrounds, Mr. Salgari's novels brought the wonders of the world to the doorstep of generations of readers. His books have sold millions of copies and are enjoying a renaissance in Italy, Europe and Latin America."