What are some philosophers who have attempted a thorough and complete theory of Categories metaphysically...?

Question

or linguistically? Besides Aristotle and Immanuel Kant? I think this has been done in Asian Indian philosophy...?

Bonus question: What is the meaning or significance of such a system?

see Categories (metaphysics), philosophy of classification, philosophy of categories, classification science.

Answer 1

When it come to metaphysics it would be hard to leave out the Indian thought.

"While the highest phase of Brahmanism was hardly a religion, it was truly one of the most noble reaches of the mortal mind into the domains of philosophy and metaphysics. Having started out to discover final reality, the Indian mind did not stop until it had speculated about almost every phase of theology excepting the essential dual concept of religion: the existence of the Universal Father of all universe creatures and the fact of the ascending experience in the universe of these very creatures as they seek to attain the eternal Father, who has commanded them to be perfect, even as he is perfect.

Answer 2

Otherwise we may question about its genuineness or we may ask for reasons. That is why they might have assumed something in their mind. If it is backed by facts or proof, then it will become a 'history'.