What are some ways that genes can be regulated? These would regulate how much of a protein is made in the cell

Question

What are some ways that genes can be regulated? These would regulate how much of a protein is made in the cell

Answer 1

Regulatory proteins that bind "promoter regions" of DNA and repress or stimulate expression (i.e., mRNA synthesis); structural proteins (e.g., histones) that bind DNA so tightly it cannot be transcribed into mRNA; covalent modification of DNA regulatory proteins in response to extracellular signals; increased synthesis of proteases that chew up mRNA before it can be translated; and so on, and so on....

Answer 2

Regulation of gene expression (or gene regulation) refers to the cellular control of the amount and timing of changes to the appearance of the functional product of a gene.

Regulation can occur at different levels:-

DNA modification - eg. methylation, phosphorylation and acetylation of bases in DNA.

Transcription - eg.repressors and activators

Post-transcriptional modification - eg. splicing

RNA transport

Translation

mRNA degradation

Post-translational modifications