What are the basic processes happening in a cell related to growth and reproduction of the cell?

Question

what are the processes?

Answer 1

1) The G1 Stage

2) The S Stage

3) The G2 Stage

4) The Mitotic Stage

The "G" or G1 and G2 stands for "gap". This is a period where nothing is happening in terms of the genetic material of the cell. It is also where the cell increases in size (diameter) and therefor it is also commonly called the "growth phases". During these periods, organic material that was broken down by food vesicles within the cell are transported to the cell membrane by little capsules from an organelle called the golgi apparatus. This material is used by the cell to expand its cellular membrane and increase the amount of cytoplasm contained within it.

The S stage is critical for cell division. The S stands for "synthesis", because this is the stage where the copies of the genetic material is synthesized. Each cell contains all the genetic material it needs, but in this stage it creates an identical copy of its genes. This is needed so that when the cell eventually divides, each resulting cell will have a complete set of genetic material containing all the genes.

These first three stages are collectively called "Interphase". Interphase takes up the majority of the time of the cell's life.

The final step, the Mitotic stage, is the shortest period of time in the cell cycle. This is when the cell undergoes mitosis (the process of nuclear division) and cytokinesis (the division of the cytoplasm). This is a complex stage with five major phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The mitotic stage results in two cells, each with a complete set of genes. Then, each cell will begin the cell cycle over again, beginning with G1.

There are a number of reasons why a cell must divide. In unicellular organisms, such as Euglena or paramecia, cell division is the method of reproduction. In multicellular organisms, such as humans, cell division is needed for the growth of the organism and to replace dead or damaged cells.