What are the different types of rails??

Question

and how do they change the performance of the board??

Answer 1

go with HB snake, he about sums it up.

Answer 2

Basically the first answer is correct. There isn't much more to add to his statement.

Answer 3

There is a lot of information about rail design on the Internet, including a complete writeup in the shaping chapter of my book (link is below).  Basically, lower and harder rails give you more bite, particularly on steeper waves.  More bite helps you transfer power through your turns easier, thus giving you more speed and carving ability.  The problem with beginners using this design is that it digs if you don't know how to use it.  Mid level rails are more of a compromise, you can still transfer power, but at the same time they forgive a little when you are on less steep waves.  A large number of surfers prefer this design for beach breaks.  Higher rails are popular with beginners since they are very forgiving and also will work on most waves a beginner might ride.  There is a picture of the various rail designs in the referenced chapter as well.