What are the different ways gene therapy can be performed?

Question

What are the different ways gene therapy can be performed?

Answer 1

stem cells is the best way

Answer 2

Types of gene therapy

There are two forms of gene therapy – Somatic gene therapy and Germ line gene therapy.  

Somatic gene therapy involves the manipulation of gene expression in cells that will be corrective to the patient     but not inherited to the next generation. Somatic cell gene     therapy is at an early stage of development.

Germ line gene therapy involves the genetic modification of germ cells (sperms and eggs) in order to prevent a genetic defect from being transmitted to future generations.  

Various strategies involved in somatic cell gene therapy are emerging and can be grouped under two broad categories as ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy:

Ex vivo gene therapy:

Cells are collected from the affected individual.

  

   2. The genetic defect is corrected by transferring the genes into the isolated cells.

  

   3. The genetically corrected cells are selected and grown.

  

   4. The genetically modified cells are transferred into the patient.

  

   5. The use of patients’ owns cells (autologous cells) have no adverse immunological response after transplantation.

  

   6. Vectors derived from mouse retroviruses are mostly used.

  

   7. Intact particles deliver the complete vector RNA to a host cell at a high frequency.

  

   8. Retroviruses readily infect replicating cells, so activelyh growing target cells are either treated with purified packaged retroviral vector particles directly or co cultivated with packaging cell line.

  



.  The transferred target cells are tested to ensure that:

  

   1. The desired gene product is produced in the gene transferred humans.

  

   2. It is ensured that the virus does not produce its pathogenic viral cellular structures and causes infection in the human host.

  



   3. It is ensured that the Retroviral vector DNA has not been inserted into a size that either alters the growth properties of the cells or interferes with normal cellular functions.



The transduced cells are grown in culture, collected  in large amounts, and then introduced into the      patient at various intervals; with the hope that the  cells will be maintained and the disease that is being treated will be corrected.    



Patients with genetic diseases that respond to bone  marrow transplantation are treated by ex vivo gene therapy.

Answer 3

There are four ways that i remember (but i'm sure there are more)

1/ Genes are "shot" into the cell nucleus via gold pellets in the hope that one might fit into the right slot and not destroy the cell completely

2/ A chromosome is cleaved with certain enzymes that recognise particular spots on the chromosome. A gene is introduced into the mixture and another enzyme is added and joins ends together. Some of them will be joined correctly with the added gene in between.

3/ Bacteria use the plasmid method of gene transfer with genetic material being passed between cells and joined onto its own copy of nucleic acid. These plasmids are made as partial copies of themselves and transferred onwards (this is the method of spread in antibiotics resistance)

4/ The gene is placed in a mixture with cells of interest. Using electrical currents and varying temperature, this may stress the cell membranes enough to allow the gene segment to enter the cell and integrated with its nucleic acid chain.