What are the elements and compouns used in industries?

Question

can you give me as many as u could elements and compounds that is used in industry.. if possible, write the element or compound and opposite of it is the use

Answer 1

IRON : Humans have been using this metal for thousands of years. Unlike Gold or Copper, it is never found in its pure state and has to be reduced using fire and charcoal. Once humans had learned how to forge Iron, they basically invented the modern world.

ALUMINUM: Iron was far stronger than Copper or Gold but it eventually decomposed into a red powder (rust). This problem plagued humans for thousands of years. Late in the 19th century, an enterprising chemist learned how to reduce Aluminum ore using an electric carbon arc. Aluminum is nearly as abundant as Iron, but requires far more energy to refine. Thus, it remained unknown as a pure metal for centuries. Aluminum is now one of the most important metals because it is lighter than Iron but nearly as strong. The major advantage of Aluminum is it does not rust. Because it takes so much energy to refine aluminum ore, nearly all the world's Aluminum is recycled.

LEAD : This metal is very easy to refine from it's ore, and has been used by humans for thousands of years. Because it was very soft but didn't rot like things such as leather, it made a perfect water seal. The Romans used Lead extensivly in their elaborate aquiduct system. Then, late in the 19th century the lead/acid storage battery was invented. Although heavy, this battery has been the main choice for storing electrical energy. Lithium ion batteries are lighter and more powerful, but still too expensive compared to Lead. Of course, lead continues to be used in plumbing, mostly as solder for Copper pipes. In fact, the latin name for lead is "Plubnum" and the atomic symbol is "Pb".

CALCIUM OXIDE : This is what morter primarily consists of. The Romans learned to roast limestone, mix the power with water, sand and gypsum and the result was a thick slurry which hardened into a stone-like substance. With this "cementum", the Romans were able to create some of the largest structures in the ancient world. Of course, cement is heavily used in modern construction in things like buildings, highways and bridges. Gypsum is Calcium Sulfate and roasting it results in what is known commercially as "Plaster of Paris". This is what "drywall" is composed of. The term "Paris" was added because a French king in the middle ages decreed all buildings in Paris be constructed with plaster walls. Back in London, the buildings had thatched walls and because of this, London nearly burned to the ground. Drywall is an effective fire retardant.

SILICON DIOXIDE: this is the basis of glass. Glass was invented by the Phonecians after they found little glass balls in the ashes of their bonfires. The fire had melted the quarts in the beach sand, then this mixed with caustic soda from the wood ashes to form a mixture of Silicon dioxide and Sodium silicate. Pure quartz has a very high melting point, but the soda lowered this enough to allow the mixture to be easily worked with ordinary fire. Glass is technically a liquid with such high vicosity it appears to be solid. Of course it's main attraction is that it is transparent and although brittle, it does not rot nor rust. Mideival glass was made from small glass fragments cut from a spun sheet. They were then soldered together with lead to make "stained glass" windows. Modern glass can be made into massive sheets because the molten galss is poured over a bed of liquid tin. The glass plate is then perfectly flat. Of course, Silicon itself is a semiconductor used to manufacture transistors. Modren digital electronics would be impossible without semiconductors like Silicon and Germanium.

SULFURIC ACID: This is the most important industrial chemical used. It is easy to make by igniting pure Sulfur, adding Oxygen, heating and mixing the product with water. Besides being a component in Lead/Acid batteries, Sulfuric acid is used in thousands of manufacturing processes; everything from detergents to pharmaceuticals to plastics.



HYDROCHLORIC ACID: This is manufactured by concentrating seawater and passing an electric current through it. Besides Hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide is also formed. The industrial name of Hydrochloric acid is "Muriatic acid". It is used in a number of manufacturing processes requiring an acid other than Sulfuric acid. Hydrochloric acid is also an excellent remover of alkaline scale deposits and it, together with Sulfuric acid, are used to clean metal. Such a process is known as "pickling" and all electroplating operations begin with this proceedure.

SODIUM HYDROXIDE: This powerful basic compound is manufactured from seawater as was mentioned above. The trade name of this substance is "LYE" or "Caustic soda". It has been used for centuries to manufacture soap by mixing it with animal fat and cooking, but the lye was recovered from roasted wood ash. In modern industry, lye is used to manufacture paper. It separates wood fibers, which can then be spread into sheets and dried. Lye is also a powerful degreaser and is the active ingredient in oven and engine cleaners. Mixed with Aluminum, it is a powerful drain cleaner.

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COPPER : used in electrical wires and coins

NICKEL: an important catylist and an alloy in steel

PHOSPHORIC ACID: Coca cola would not be the same without it.

SODIUM CHLORIDE: "table salt" by any other name

PETROLEUM: a hydrocarbon fuel and the basis of all plastic

Answer 2

Which industries? If you aren't more specific the list can go on forever. I'll list a few though:

Hydrogen-Used to make ammonia and for hydrogenation processes like the production of liquid fuels and margarine.

Ammonia-Used to make fertilizer for agriculture.

Sulfuric acid-textile finishing, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, oil-well acidification, protective coatings, purification of petrol, manufacture of detergents, explosives.......

Carbon-Used for all smelting of metals

Iron-For the production of steel.

Oxygen-Steelmaking, paint pigment, welding, rocket fuel.

As you can see the list is getting ridiculous. Sulfuric acid is the most used but you can look this info up in any good inorganic chemistry textbook.