What are the issues the Hunter / Gatherers faced in becoming civilized/ what indicators to show civilization?

Question

What are the issues the Hunter / Gatherers faced in becoming civilized/ what indicators to show civilization?

Answer 1

The transition from Hunter/Gatherers to farmers, began about 10,000 years ago, at the end of the last Glacial maximum. Food was scarce, and several species of animals that these Hunters had preyed upon, had become extinct!

During these times, probably after many years of watching hoofed animals eat grass, these Gatherers decided to plant some of the seed, which the grass produced!

Shortly after, bread was introduced, and later beer, from the fermented grain. The ability for these humans to provide themselves with a storable food source, allowed them to remain in one place for several seasons, which led them to build permanent housing, develop sanitation, engineering, architecture, and field irrigation!

The rest, is history!

Answer 2

Worse health, poor sanitation, lousy teeth, bad backs.

Most hunter gatherers understood how plants grow. They knew which areas had certain foods and when those foods ripened. Many groups always left the largest plants knowing that they're go to seed and grow the next years crops.

When agriculture developed, people lived in the same area year round. Getting rid of waste, human and animal was an issue. Getting clean water was another issue. Living on grains meant you had to grind them to make flour. Women had to spend hours hunched over. This created numerous muscle and bone problems. Grain that's ground on stone also picks up grit from the rock. This increases wear on the teeth.You can determine when people shifted to agriculture by the state of their teeth.

As the population grew, being able to hunt and gather wasn't possible. There were too many people and not enough natural resources. People probably settled were the plants were common and started to cultivate them in a more systematic manner.

One agriculture started. the people became settled. They needed to build storage areas to protect the food crops, houses to live in and needed develop ways to function in larger groups.

Dependence on crops can be dangerous. It's estimated that some 50% of the calories consumed by the worlds population is from wheat, rice and corn. The potential disaster is shown by the Irish potato famine in the 19th century killed over a million people. Bones show the effects of malnutrition and poor diet.

The shift to agriculture was likely forced not something people really wanted to do.

Answer 3

The idea of privately owning land.

The idea of money.

The idea of taxes.

The idea of government.

The idea of armies.